Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Technology Update The North Slope of Alaska is home to thousands of oil wells, most drilled horizontally and then stimulated with hydraulic fracturing or allowed to flow through natural formation fractures. Wellbore plugging caused by proppant flowback and formation fines can be a problem in these wells, with severe impact on production. For most of these wells, conventional coiled-tubing (CT) cleanouts are possible, using nitrogen to lift the cleaning fluid and suspended proppant to surface. Some of these wells, however, are so underpressured that normal CT cleanouts are technically and/or economically unfeasible because of the massive amounts of nitrogen required to achieve returns to the surface. A Vacuum Cleanout Method One alternative is to clean out the fill by means of concentric coiled tubing (CCT) with a downhole-vacuum tool. The BJ Services Sand-Vac cleanout tool is based on a jet pump comprising a high-pressure nozzle, suction port, and diffuser (Fig. 1). High-pressure fluid is accelerated through the nozzle, creating a pressure drop that essentially draws in wellbore fluids, jetted fluids, and suspended solids. A diffuser allows the velocity of the combined flow to decrease and the pressure to increase. This pressure gain is sufficient to drive the column of return fluids back to the surface. To run the jet pump, power fluid is pumped down the center of a CCT string, with a portion of the fluid allowed to exit an external nozzle to fluidize wellbore solids. Returns come up the larger annulus between the inner and outer strings. Because the CCT string provides the additional flow path, the wellbore is not exposed to the return pressure and, therefore, nitrogen is not required. All of the supplied fluid is returned to the surface, leaving none in the well. This technology was born in the Canadian heavy-oil fields, and it has been proved in a decade of cleanouts around the world—especially in low-pressure, horizontal wells and in areas where nitrogen logistics are difficult or simply too expensive to justify. Alaska Gas Wells In 2006, for example, this technology was employed on the Tyonek platform in the Cook Inlet basin in southern Alaska (Rafferty et al. 2007). This platform ties together 14 wells that produce from the Cook Inlet and Beluga reservoirs, which have bottomhole-pressure (BHP) gradients of less than 0.1 psi/ft. Both reservoirs are composed of highly permeable, friable sandstones that tend to slump into unconsolidated sand piles upon exposure to water. Water breakthrough, therefore, creates major sand-production problems for wells in this area.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».