Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Hydroponics: A method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions, in water, without soil.When the required mineral nutrients are introduced into a plant's water supply artificially, soil is no longer required for the plant to thrive.After a long lapse, the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) is again in the news.Experienced observers are wondering if this is not a 'second coming' 1 : it certainly looks that way in South Africa, where four affiliated unions of the leading confederation, the ITUC-affiliated Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU), have affiliated to the WFTU and are pressing the Congress itself to follow suit. 2 Much of the discussion is framed in terms of a possible unity overcoming the last major split in the international trade union movement.The Presidential Council (the smaller governing body) of the WFTU met in Johannesburg in February 2012 on the invitation of the four WFTU-affiliated COSATU member unions.It was addressed by COSATU president Sdumo Dlamini who told the Council that 'we (COSATU) will be entering into a discussion about the type of a relationship we must have with the WFTU and how such a relationship can take forward our commitment to achieve unity between the WFTU and the ITUC'.3 The 11 th National COSATU Congress last September was addressed by both Sharan Burrow, general secretary of the ITUC, 4 and by WFTU general secretary George Mavrikos.5 Faced with strong support within COSATU for an affiliation with the WFTU, and in the presence of its general secretary, Burrow struck a conciliatory note.She referred to 'workers in China and Vietnam with who we have a close engagement', and Cuba, 'where I am working to strengthen our engagement', blurring the fact that the ITUC has no 'close engagement' at all with the workers of these three countries but is seeking such an engagement with their State-controlled trade union organizations.They are among the few remaining labour structures inherited from the Soviet model, which no ITUC affiliate, including COSATU, would ever accept in their own country.With respect to the WFTU, she explained that, although she deplored the 'misinformation and misguided criticism' of the ITUC, neither she, nor 'any of her team', would ever criticize the WFTU, because they believed in freedom of association and, whilst unity was preferable, pluralism could legitimately emerge from this fundamental workers' right.'The last thing workers need is unions fighting' she said, adding: 'George, my door is always open to dialogue and I hope there will be a time when we can unite all the workers in the world'.Burrow goes on to say 'we do have a fundamental difference'.What is it?'It is not communism or socialism', because she is 'a proud woman of the Left'.The 'fundamental difference' is the attitude to the Arab popular revolutions, in particular in Syria, where the
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,005 | 0,007 |
| Communication savante | 0,003 | 0,003 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,004 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,012 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».