New visualization technology to enhance situational awareness for system operators
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Summary form only given. System operators have worked with mimic boards and tabular data for years. These mimic boards may or may not have dynamic characteristics such as analog values or equipment status changes. Generally, these boards showed the complete electrical system, and only a small portion of their system had remote terminal units (RTU) to bring the data into the control center. Another area that was lacking was EMS/SCADA. After the August 14, 2003 blackout, the US/Canadian investigation team realized that system operators needed a more dynamic view of not only their system, but also the ability to see into the system of their neighboring utilities. A group of utilities, together with an EMS vendor, began to discuss what the end user (system operator) needed to perform their job. It was soon discovered the EMS system was lacking in various areas. The EMS/SCADA system had some graphical data displays, but wasn't close to being the tool needed to monitor large areas of the system. The EMS vendor also realized that most of the information received on improvements was given by the EMS or SCADA employees of the utilities and not the system operators. While EMS/SCADA employees are good at maintaining and updating software when needed, it is seldom the system operator was asked for input. Information that used to be displayed in tabular form could now be displayed graphically which would aid the system operator in detecting abnormal conditions more rapidly. Also the system operator could look into the neighboring utility's system and determine if the cause of the abnormal condition could have been created by something not within their system. The overview of the electrical grid, which was displayed on a mimic board could now be fully dynamic. Another issue came to light as to how to display this information to the system operator. New display cube (stackable monitors) technology was being introduced into the marketplace and was being used in many different applications. This technology was explored to replace the mimic boards in control centers with outstanding results. Greater monitor (cube) resolutions and new DLP (digital light processing - Texas Instruments) technology to prevent monitor "burn in" and faster computer processing power would open the door to a new way of viewing massive amounts of information on a single wall board. Information could be readily changed on the electronic display wall by the system operator, allowing the display to be used for multiple functions. The system operator could use the display to view critical data and easily switch the display back to an overall view. Enhancing situational awareness of a system operator was another area that received attention from the blackout investigation committee. This involved the interface between the system operator and the various tools they used to monitor the electrical grid. Situational awareness (SA) has become a "buzz" word in the electrical industry. SA of a control room is developed by interviewing system operators and performing a cognitive task analysis on the information required by the operators. This ensures the proper information is easily accessible and that it can be easily understood by the system operator. Combining the new software tools for EMS/SCADA to provide information, the display technology to create an environment to place this information, and the situational awareness aspect, are all steps that are required to enable employees to better make critical decisions during normal and emergency situations.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,136 | 0,012 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».