Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Reviewed by: Against the Current: The Memoirs of Boris Ragula Marianne Fedunkiw (bio) Inge Sanmiya. Against the Current: The Memoirs of Boris Ragula McGill-Queen’s University Press. 202. $34.95 Against the Current is the second book in a new series published by McGill-Queen's University Press. The Footprints Series focuses on 'life stories' of Canadians, stories which 'help nuance larger historical narratives, at times reinforcing those narratives, at other times contradicting them.' The series is breaking new historical ground, opening up avenues for stories of newer Canadians such as Boris Ragula, who emigrated to take up a medical internship at St Joseph's Hospital in London, Ontario in 1954. In fact, two-thirds of the book deals with Ragula's life before he arrived in Canada. He was born in 1920 in Turec, Belarus, under Polish rule at that time. His father, a physician, died of typhoid, leaving his mother Nadzia with two sons under two. The book is well written and a smooth read, balancing a strong narrative thread with some endnotes, helpful maps, and many pictures. The strongest chapters are the first five, which tell of Ragula's childhood in Belarus; his capture and escape from a German pow camp during the Second World War; his torture in and escape from the nkvd Baranovichi prison; his role in the Belarusian resistance; and finally, after the end of the war, his marriage to Ludmila, medical studies in Germany and Belgium, and his meeting with Pope Pius xii in Rome. Strangely, Ragula's five decades in Canada are covered in just forty-three pages. Two of the most interesting anecdotes while he was in Canada relate to Ragula's challenges with English and his experience as a resident when his diagnosis went counter to that of a specialist. Ragula applied to write his Ontario Medical Council examinations in February 1955, against the advice of his fellow interns who had come from [End Page 586] Germany, India, Poland, Romania, Russia, and Yugoslavia and many of whom had written the exams with no success, in part because of difficulties with English. Ragula tells how he used Latin for his anatomy test and elected to give his answers to the biochemistry exam in chemical formulae. The examiner had to conduct the exam using formulae as well. At one point, the examiner, impressed with Ragula's unorthodox efforts, muttered, 'You make me sick!' Ragula, unaware of the colloquial expression, was stunned. He thought the examiner was truly ill. The examiner explained that this was an idiomatic expression and this was the first time anyone had written a paper entirely using chemical formulae. The second incident happened soon after. A senior staff member in gynecology asked Ragula to write a medical history for a thirty-nine-year-old Ukrainian-Canadian immigrant named Nadia who the specialist believed had a mass in her uterus. After examining Nadia, who, like Ragula spoke Russian, Ragula told the patient and the specialist that he believed the mass was in fact a fetus and that a hysterectomy was definitely unnecessary. Sanmiya writes that after Ragula spoke to the specialist, 'He nearly ruptured my eardrum when he started yelling into the phone that I should keep my opinions to myself, do my duty as an intern, and stop questioning "qualified" staff.' Ragula told the patient to avoid surgery by refusing to sign the consent form. Six months later, Nadia delivered a boy, whom she affectionately called 'the tumour' and she and her son became Ragula's patients. As a family physician, Ragula was interested in public health education, led a fight against smoking (at a time when he was in the vanguard among physicians), and used hypnosis in his practice. He also became involved in aid to Belarus and Belarusian politics, serving as president of the Belarusian National Republic's Rada from 1996 to 1998. The epilogue deals with his interest in Belarus, particularly since the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station meltdown in 1986. There is one error in this section: in an account of events following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Sanmiya lists the leaders of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine who met in December of...
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».