The Research of Oxidation and Ignition Behaviour of Saturated Hydrocarbon Sample With Crude Oils Using TG/DTG and DTA Thermal Analysis Techniques
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Although many thermal analysis studies on both crude oils and oil-rock mixtures had been conducted, the fundamental and critical researches on oxidation and ignition behavior of pure hydrocarbon components of crude oil fractions under an oxidizing atmosphere are not documented before. This research is aimed at providing better understanding of oxidation behavior of fractions of crude oil, and then finds out an approach to improve ignition and accurate modeling for air injection processes by using the effects of individual fractions on whole oil combustion. In this research, Thermogravimetric and Differential Thermal Analysis techniques, TG/DTG and DTA investigations on thermal fingerprinting effects of each pure paraffin sample, mixtures of different pure samples, and mixture pure samples with crude oil, on oxidation and ignition behavior were conducted. The results demonstrated that different paraffin samples show a great different contribution to low temperature oxidation reactions, high temperature oxidation reactions and heat generated. The fractions lighter than C16 will distillate before they reach low temperature oxidation reaction. Only low temperature exothermic activities are apparent for the fractions between the fractions between heavier than C16 and lighter than C26. The C26 and heavier fractions show both low and high temperature exothermic activities. Paraffin samples mainly contribute to low temperature exothermic activates, released more heat in low temperature ranges. The lower molecular weight sample shows lower onset temperature of oxidation reaction and show very rapidly reaction rate. With increasing of molecular weight, the exothermic peak temperatures both in low and high temperature regions shift to higher temperature, and more heat value released. When unreactive Oil B and reactive Oil C was mixed with a small amount of paraffin sample heavier than C26, both the crude oils of low temperature oxidation behavior can be intensified, with a greater magnitude of heat evolution, which is of potential to accelerate reaction and improve ignition. Introduction Air injection has been proven as a potential and viable process in improving oil recovery from several light oil reservoirs. When air is injected into an oil reservoir, the oxygen contained in the air reacts with the hydrocarbon in place, by various oxidation reaction schemes. Success of such a process depends mainly on the crude oil properties and rock properties as well as operational conditions. The oxidation behavior and the conditions typically favoring auto-ignition of crude oils are of utmost importance for light oil air injection. Theoretically, if the heat generated by the oxidation reactions can overcome the heat loss the surroundings, the formation will be brought up to the ignition temperature in certain period of time. Spontaneous ignition, being the simplest ignition method is favorable condition in success and economic air injection. However, because of the low initial temperature of the formation and the poor reactivity of the crude oil, the magnitude of time delay is often so great that spontaneous ignition is not economically attractive. Unfortunately, not any research about how to improve light oil spontaneous ignition in air injection were documented before. Crude oil oxidation and combustion has studied by various investigators. The methods of investigation are widely different.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».