Systematics of Northeastern Meadow Vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) Subspecies, with Empasis on the Island Endemic (M. P. Shattuck i, Howe 1901) in Penobscot Bay, Maine
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The Penobscot meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus shattucki) (PMV) is an insular subspecies of meadow vole (M. pennsylvanicus) inhabiting the islands of North Haven, Islesboro, and Tumbledown Dick in Penobscot Bay, Maine. It is one in a suite of island meadow vole subspecies which has been described from southern New England through eastern Canada. The subspecific recognition of M. p. shattucki, along with the others in this group, was solely based on a univariate analysis of a few morphological characters, which has fostered debate about the validity of the subspecies. Despite this uncertainty, the taxonomy is widely applied and conservation issues have been raised: M. p. shattucki was listed as a Species of Special Concern in the state of Maine when that listing was in use. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service did not propose M. p. shattucki for listing at the federal level because of lack of information on the subspecies. Concern about losing unique island taxa such as the PMV is warranted because another subspecies in this group, M. p. nesophilus, which was found on Gull Island, NY has already gone extinct. To clarify the taxonomic status of M. p. shatrucki for conservation purposes, I used multivariate discriminant function analysis (DFA) to examine historical and recent morphological differences in 14 cranial and three external characters. Historical differentiation was quantified through DFA of museum specimens. To study recent morphological differentiation, e x h t populations were sampled from the type localities of M. p. shatrucki (Islesboro and North Haven), as well as populations of M. p. pennsylvunicus on another island in Penobscot Bay (Isle au Haut), the closest mainland coastal populations to Islesboro and North Haven (Northport and Rockport, respectively), and an inland mainland site, Orono. To further clarify distinctiveness of M. p. shatfucki, genetic differentiation of extant populations was investigated by genotyping seven microsatellite loci and doing a phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondria1 DNA control region. M. p. shattucki is morphologically and genetically distinct from the mainland nominant populations of M p. pennsylvunicus. Museum specimens were classified correctly at a 90% rate, while extant specimens had an 80% correct classification rate. Overall, M p. shottucki individuals are larger in cranial and extemal morphology than mainland M. p. pennsylvanicus. Mitochondria1 DNA analysis indicated that M. p. shaftucki formed a monophyletic lineage. Microsatellite analysis supported this result with the highest genetic distances being between M. p. shattuck and populations of M p. pennsylvunicus. All populations of meadow voles appeared to have high levels of inbreeding, heterozygote deficiency and departm hm Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. This is most likely due to the social structure of meadow vole populations and/or non-amplifying (null) alleles that contribute to high estimates of homozygosity. The morphological and genetic data in this study support the subspecific status of M. p. shattucki. In terms of uniqueness, or exchangeability (whether an individual of one population can be placed in the second population), M. p. shattucki is historically and recently distinct both morphologically and genetically and while this evidence is suggestive of M. p. shattucki as an Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU), additional study of M. p. shattucki is warranted before this conclusion can be made. The naming of a population as an ESU has possible political ramifications that need to be considered in conjunction with the biological data.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».