Are known biomarkers for asthma present in early infancy?
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Exhaled nitric oxide (FE NO ) is a biomarker for eosinophilic airway inflammation [ 1 ]. Elevated FE NO has been proposed as a marker for diagnosing asthma and predicting asthma exacerbations [ 2 ]. We wished to examine the association between known asthma risk factors and FE NO . A sub cohort of children (n=222) participating in the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) study underwent infant pulmonary function tests (IPFTs) during the first year of life. Risk factors were obtained from a subset of available CHILD questionnaires administered prenatally and 3 times during the first year of life. FE NO was collected using a multiple-breath sampling technique during quiet tidal breathing at the 3 month visit, 1 year visit, or both visits. Prenatal smoke exposure was defined as any maternal smoking, including mothers who stopped or cut down on smoking during pregnancy. Postnatal smoke exposure was defined as any exposure in or away from the home up to 1 year of age. Parental asthma was defined as self-reported or doctor diagnosed asthma. Parental atopic status was confirmed by allergy skin tests. T-tests with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons were used to compare FE NO in the exposed and unexposed groups (α=0.004). At the 3 month visit, 134 infants attended the IPFT lab, and 84 of 117 attempted eNO tests were successfully analyzed; mean FE NO was 16.8±8.1ppb. At the 1 year visit, 181 infants attended the IPFT lab and 138 of 158 attempted eNO tests were successfully analyzed; mean FE NO was 15.3±9.7ppb. Prenatal smoking rates were low (3% and 6%) and showed no association with FE NO (Table 1 ). Postnatal smoke exposure was also not associated with FE NO . FE NO was not statistically different in infants whose mothers or fathers had a history of asthma or atopic status, compared to those without. Having siblings was not significantly associated with FE NO after applying the Bonferroni correction. Smoke exposure was not related to FE NO , however no nicotine biomarker was assessed and smoking rates were low. Maternal and paternal histories were not associated with FE NO levels in healthy children up to 1 year of age. None of the risk factors were statistically significantly associated with FE NO , however infants with siblings were observed to have a lower FE NO than infants without siblings at the 1 year visit. A larger sample size is required to increase the power of these tests. Further factors must be studied to explain the variation in FE NO measures seen.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,008 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».