Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract This paper investigates the feasibility of bitumen production using SAGD technology with a longer wellbore. A longer wellbore can be used to exploit a greater volume of the reservoir with a single wellpair as opposed to multiple wells; thus, decreasing pad and drilling costs. The major concern in using a longer wellbore from a reservoir engineering point of view is the potentially non-uniform steam chamber growth over the whole well length due to pressure drop in the horizontal well. Reservoir simulation was performed using Computer Modelling Group's STARS ™?simulator and the QFlow thermal wellbore simulator to address the issue. The pressure drop inside the wellbore was calculated using QFlow. Reservoir simulations were performed using STARS. A sectioned model was constructed, dividing the whole length of the horizontal wellbore into multiple sections, each with its own pressure restriction to match the pressure drop obtained from QFlow. The results showed that with a sufficiently large wellbore size that resulted in a sufficiently low pressure drop, one longer well performed as well as two shorter wells. When a smaller wellbore size was used, production from a longer well was significantly impeded due to the large pressure drop. Introduction Since the discovery of oil sands, many techniques have been tried - and improved upon - to recover the highly viscous bitumen for energy consumption. One of the methods of bitumen recovery that is becoming increasingly prevalent is a thermal in situ method called Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD). Butler(1) first proposed this method in the late 1970s and it was field tested in AOSTRA's Underground Test Facility (UTF) in the 1980s. The initial phase of UTF testing produced successful field results(2, 3). Following Phase A, Phase B was started, implementing the use of longer horizontal wells(4, 5). Surface-operated SAGD was studied in Phase D(6). Following these successful pilot tests, a number of commercial projects have been developed, including Petro-Canada's MacKay River project. One of the factors that needs to be considered in commercial projects is the optimization of the horizontal well length. Typically, the horizontal sections of the SAGD wells are 500 to 700 m long. This paper will examine the effectiveness of using a longer horizontal wellbore in SAGD. There is tremendous potential for economic savings in implementing longer wellbores in a SAGD project. A longer wellbore has the ability to reach greater lengths within a reservoir with one single wellbore as opposed to multiple wells. When multiple wells are drilled, multiple pads must also be built - one for each group of wells. Thus, to cover a given reservoir, the average pad cost will be lower for longer wellbores. Another significant cost advantage of the longer wellbore is the fact that fewer riser sections (also known as build sections) need to be drilled and completed. The riser section has a significantly higher cost than the horizontal section because it is generally much larger in diameter. By decreasing the number of wells in a pattern with the use of longer wells, the cost of all the riser sections is decreased significantly.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».