First report of <i>Impatiens</i> downy mildew ( <i>Plasmopara obducens</i> ) in the UK
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
In early June 2003, a sample of Impatiens walleriana Firefly Series from southern England was found with symptoms of a downy mildew. Infected leaves appeared paler green than normal, with a white, downy growth developing on lower surfaces. Symptoms were initially inconspicuous but lower leaf surfaces quickly became covered with fungus-like growth and premature leaf fall was common. Stunting of plants and poor flowering were also observed. Collapse of plants could be very rapid, especially under humid conditions, resulting in up to 80% losses. Two downy mildews have been described on Impatiens: the more commonly described Plasmopara obducens (syn. Peronospora obducens) on wild and cultivated Impatiens spp. (Sohi & Tyagi, 1974); and the less well-known fungus Bremiella sphaerosperma (Constantinescu, 1991). Detailed examination of a representative sample (IMI 390985) revealed the sporangiophores were monopodially branched at the base, individual branches did not arise in a distinct pattern, apical branchlets were at right angles to the main axis and there was no apical thickening – all characteristics of P. obducens. The identification was supported by DNA sequencing. The 5′ end of the nuclear DNA coding for the large ribosomal subunit (LSU rDNA) was amplified by PCR using the primers NL1 and NL4, according to Maier et al. (2003). The sequence of the amplified product was obtained and deposited in GenBank (AY587558). Comparison of the sequence of the LSU rDNA region with other sequences available in the GenBank database revealed that it was almost identical, with only one base pair substitution, to P. obducens found on I. capensis in the USA (AY035522). Following the initial discovery, the Plant Health and Seeds Inspectorate (PHSI) Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs carried out a survey of growers, resulting in several further findings of P. obducens on a range of cultivars, in addition to samples from commercial growers, civic floral displays, private gardens and growers from around the UK. PHSI inspections revealed no evidence of downy mildew on wild impatiens around nurseries. There are no previous reports of a downy mildew on wild or cultivated Impatiens spp. in the UK (Francis & Waterhouse, 1988), although P. obducens has been found in other parts of Europe as well as Canada, the USA, Guatemala, Central Asia, China, India, Korea and Russia (D. Jones, personal communication). Statutory plant health action continues to be taken against this regulated disease in the UK.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».