Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Previous research supports the position that more research is needed for understanding the dynamics of co-offending and the promise this will have for effective prevention, policing, rehabilitative and reintegration measures.Previous research also acknowledges that the majority of research has concentrated on youth co-offending.Adult co-offending does plays a significant part in crime and requires further analysis.This exploratory study begins by examining the incidence and importance companions play in criminal behavior and follows with several theoretical positions.Group delinquency is examined generally.Special attention is devoted to leadership in co-offending.Accordingly, leadership measures &om the organizational and social-psychological fields are outlined and twenty empirical studies that measure leadership directly or those that attest measures of leadership are provided.Meta-analysis of these previous studies is conducted to determine what is "known" about leadership in co-offending.Ultimately, it was discovered that studies examining leadership in co-offending are limited by definitional ambiguities in terms of defining co-offending and leadership.Many studies involve low base rates of either participants or case studies and the units of analysis are unclear as to whether those under study consist of dyads, triads or larger units of co-offenders.In addition, the extant literature has focused on specific crimes (i.e.robbery and sexual offences), participants have been largely under the age of 30 years and the methods of data gathering have been limited by focusing on only one of the offenders in the co-offending unit.The implications of these findings are discussed.In light of these findings, an additional statement as to the potential for fbture research on leadership in co-offending and recommendations to policy within the Correctional Service of Canada are offered.' Albert Reiss first coined the term "co-offending."For the purpose of this thesis, his definitions will be applied.A co-offender is a person who commits a criminal offence with another and co-offending then is the actual act of committing an offence (Reiss, 1986).A greater discussion of the term cooffending can be found in chapter 2. On appeal, Mr. Kennedy received two years less a day with a one-year period of probation to follow.The 15-year-old young offender (J.G.F) had originally received three months open custody concurrent to two years of probation.On appeal, J.D.F. received 12 months open custody followed with one year of probation (R v. Kennedy, 1999).
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».