A Correlation of Water and Gas-Oil Relative Permeability Properties for Various Western Canadian Sandstone and Carbonate Oil Producing Formations
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Water-oil and gas-oil relative permeability is a dominant factor controlling the multiphase flow of immiscible oil, water and gas phases in sandstone or carbonate porous media, and strongly effect the ultimate economics of all production or injection operations to recover oil and associated solution/free gas. This paper describes a correlation study conducted on over 60 different sandstone and carbonate producing formations/samples from various locations in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) to attempt to draw correlations between relative permeability and various parameters such as wettability, formation permeability and porosity, in-situ oil viscosity, etc. Many classical trends were observed for water displacements, but also previously unknown correlations of relative permeability for gas-oil systems are presented, providing a valuable dataset for the overall evaluation of the range of wetting and relative permeability properties encountered in typical WCSB producing oil formations. Introduction Relative permeability is arguably the strongest controlling factor in determining the motion of immiscible oil, water and gas phases in porous media. Although relative permeability is simply an experimentally determined adjustment coefficient that accounts for the very complex interfering effects associated with the immiscible flow of different phases in porous media, the configuration and shape of the relative permeability curves encompass all reservoir flow parameters and are impacted by variables such as 1–18:Pore system geometry/mineralogyPermeability/porosityFormation wettabilityFluid viscosity and interfacial tensionAdvance/displacement rateConfining overburden pressurePresence of trapped/immobile phases Since relative permeability is such a strong controlling factor in determining reservoir performance, accurate determination of water-oil and gas-oil relative permeability character for a formation matrix is essential for accurate prediction and optimization purposes. Although a variety of correlations to 'predict' relative permeability are available, considerable variance can be present in the predicted results, and experimental measurements still provide the most accurate method of determination. This paper does not concentrate on relative permeability measurement methods in the laboratory, other than to state that the importance of proper duplication of downhole conditions during the measurement is essential so that the correct wettability, initial water, oil or gas saturation conditions, viscosity ratio, interfacial tension ratio, density and advance rate can be duplicated to match actual reservoir conditions. It has been demonstrated that using non-reservoir core, fluids or conditions can substantially impact the quality of the measured relative permeability data, making it highly misleading in many situations. RELATIVE PERMEABILITY DATABASE Table 1 provides the relative permeability database used in this work. This data was collected from over 60 different reservoir/sample locations in the WCSB over the last five years by the authors. This encompasses a variety of typical producing formation including:Low, medium and high permeability consolidated and unconsolidated sandstone formations.Low, medium and high permeability limestone and dolomite producing formations (both intercrystalline and vugular - no fractured formations or cores were tested in this work).
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».