Operation of multimodal transport system during mass evacuations
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Among the shortcomings identified in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans was the need for improved disaster planning for persons without access to personal transportation. Inadequate advanced planning for limited mobility evacuees in New Orleans prior to 2005 left a significant portion of the local population unable to flee in advance of the storm. Since 2005, state and local officials in Louisiana have developed transit assisted mass evacuation plans that now seek to accommodate carless populations. Since this plan is relatively new and does not have a history of experience on which to base its performance, it is difficult to know how well, or even if, it will work. Recently, an effort was undertaken to apply microscopic scale traffic simulation to evaluate key aspects of the New Orleans assisted evacuation plan. This study is thought to be significant because it is among the first ever to model transit bus-based evacuation processes, including the loading and unloading and the movement of individual evacuees and vehicles. Although this was a simulation-based theoretical study, the routes, timing and movements of people and busses are based on the actual plan and the results of the model have been verified, validated, and calibrated to capture the essence of the Hurricane Katrina evacuation process of 2005. This paper describes the development of this model as well as the results gained from it. In the research, two sets of transit bus routing scenarios were developed and modeled for New Orleans. Measures such as evacuation time, average travel time, average evacuation speed, and queue length were used to evaluate the performance of the transit bus movements within the general evacuation. Additional measures such as the walking and waiting times of evacuees moving to bus pick-up points were also used to assess loading processes. Among the general findings of the research was that routing busses to alternate arterial routes reduced the overall travel time by as much as 53% and the total evacuation time by up to 10% in some cases. It was also found that the transit evacuation had quite small impacts on the overall movement of evacuation traffic, but did increase queue lengths on some segments of the evacuation network. Finally, it was found that the planned location of bus pick-up points limited average walking time for evacuees to a half hour or less.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».