Quantitative chemical ecology of the lingonberry fruitworm, Grapholita libertina Heinr
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The lingonberry or partridgeberry, Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. var. minus Lodd, is a low-growing ericaceous shrub, which produces edible berries that ripen in Newfoundland in mid-September. Grapholita libertina Heinrich, the lingonberry fruitworm, is a tortricid moth whose larvae feed within the lingonberry fruit. -- The objectives of this study were to identify sex attractants for G. libertina and to evaluate its use in monitoring and controlling populations in wild Newfoundland lingonberry fields. A synthetic sex attractant was developed from among chemicals attractive to other Grapholita species and tested in 1997 to monitor G. libertina populations. Identification of this attractant led to a series of questions. Could this attractant prove useful in estimating future larval infestations? What would be the most effective delivery system for this attractant? Could field trapping accurately predict flight? How similar is the synthetic male attractant to the naturally occurring female produced pheromone? -- Field trials were conducted with the sex attractant in 1998, 1999 and 2000 to correlate the adult trapping rate with the subsequent densities of larvae and damaged berries to examine the effects of berry distribution and heterogenous vegetation coverage in the wild. Trials in 1999 were conducted to determine the most effective trap design for monitoring G. libertina. The efficacy of mass trapping using sex attractants of G. libertina was tested in 2000 as a potential control measure. In addition, information on \npopulation trends and phenology of G. libertina were examined through recording of the flight season, degree day accumulations and population size. Field-collected G. libertina were reared in order to identify the naturally occurring female sex pheromone. Solid phase microextraction was used to collect insect effluvia and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry attempted to identify pheromone components and relative amounts in the pheromone blend. -- The results of this study indicated that a blend of: 85% E-8-dodecen-1-ol acetate, 10% Z-8-dodecen-1-ol acetate, and 5% Z-8-dodecen-1-ol was a suitable synthetic sex attractant for male G. libertina. The adult capture rate in Pherocon 1 C® wing traps was correlated with subsequent larval and damaged berry density in wild fields. Berry densities were important in determining the distributions of larvae and damaged berries when berry levels were low (1999), perhaps indicating that a limited or patchy host berry distribution affected female oviposition. Heterogenous vegetation present at study sites showed no significant effects. -- The Pherocon lC® wing trap was the most effective for use with the 85:10:5 blend. Mass trapping indicated a possible disruption of mate location by G. libertina, however no significant decrease in larval populations was noted. As a result of trapping, it was established that the adult male flight season extends over 6 weeks from late June to early August. The number of degree days above base 5° C required for 10% emergence was recorded as 270±20.5 by rearing, and 334±8.1 by field trapping. Identification of the female sex pheromone by gas chromatography- mass spectroscopy was not successful.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».