Why do Chinese people with COPD continue smoking: the attitudes and beliefs of Chinese residents of Vancouver, Canada
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is currently one of the most common chronic lung diseases and a growing cause of global morbidity and mortality.Smoking is the most important risk factor for its development, and about 20% of smokers develop COPD.This study took place in Metro Vancouver, Canada.The aim of the study was to compare and contrast the smoking habits and associated beliefs among two groups of Chinese people after receiving a diagnosis of COPD: those who successfully stopped smoking and those who continued to smoking.Ninety one Mandarin or Cantonese speaking patients with COPD, of whom 24 were current smokers and 67 were former smokers, participated in individual semi-structured interviews.Participants were recruited with the assistance of primary care physicians and respirologists in the Metro Vancouver.Data were analyzed using hand coding for qualitative content analysis.Differences between the two groups were assessed.Smoking experience, social influences, addiction/habit, and the advantages and disadvantages of smoking were identified.In particular, differences between smokers and former smokers found in terms of beliefs that smoking helps relaxation and reduces COPD anxiety and stress, and that smoking is a psychological habit that cannot give up easily.Significant information on barriers to successful smoking cessation was also elucidated.This study suggests we need to first understand Chinese smokers' internal motivations to quit and then assist with culturally and linguistically relevant smoking cessation counselling.Further research is needed to determine if communication regarding tobacco use that is targeted toward the Chinese-speaking population in North America improves cessation rates. Keywords: smoking, beliefs, attitudes, COPD, Chinese communities, differences between quitting versus non quitting subjectsWhat is known about this subject?• While most individuals understand the benefits of smoking cessation and many who are diagnosed with COPD quit smoking, some Chinese people with COPD continue to smoke.• Despite knowing about the harmful effects of smoking, Chinese people with COPD report difficulties in cutting down or quitting smoking: high nicotine dependence, breaking lifelong smoking habits, and lack of motivation.• Having respiratory symptoms is not reason enough to quit smoking.Many Chinese people with COPD continue to smoke because they feel regarded their illness as self-inflicted and believe themselves to be unworthy of smoking cessation assistance.• Long-term behavioural support increases the number of ex-smokers; interventions that promote smoking cessation may be more effective when counselling and behavioural treatments are perceived relevant to individual need. What this paper adds• Insight into Chinese people's perceptions of the consequences of smoking and their beliefs about the likelihood that they will develop COPD.
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Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,004 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».