Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The Middle East is the most concentrated region of water scarcity in the world. Since biblical times, the region, specifically the Jordan River Valley, which comprises modern Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and the West Bank, has been assailed by a profound shortage of water. Today, as was true in the past three millennia, this region has found itself strewn into the most constricted area of water scarcity in the world. Furthermore, due to mounting demands on the region's water resources in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, water remains a very precious commodity that cannot continue to support the current population or the ever-increasing one. The Jordan River Valley extends from the Golan Heights and Mount Hermon in the north to the Dead Sea in the south and includes Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and the West Bank. The river's watershed drains 18,300 square kilometers in these political entities and includes the Sea of Galilee. Eighty percent of the basin, however, is in Israel, Jordan, and the West Bank, which do not have other significant surface water sources, and have only limited groundwater resources. The region's groundwater resources are also over-taxed. But can a comprehensive water allocation plan be worked out? Numerous plans for water allocation of Jordan River Basin waters have been suggested over the past nine decades. One of the first proposals was introduced in 1913 by the Ottoman Turkish Empire. In 1922, following the League of Nations' grant of a mandate over Palestine to Britain, the latter realized that water management and allocation were critical for the region. Ultimately, a plan developed in the 1950s by U.S. Ambassador, Eric Johnson, is the most workable. In addressing international/transboundary water issues international lawyers have developed a number of principles, which are applicable here. These include the doctrine of equitable utilization, as developed in The Helsinki Rules on the Uses of the Waters of International Rivers. I propose a system based on the 1909 Boundary Waters Treaty, entered into by the United States and by Great Britain, on behalf of Canada. That treaty required the establishment of an International Joint Commission, which had three members from each jurisdiction. The IJC has been working to pacifically resolve disputes for all these years. This system is ideal in light of the Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty of 1994 and The Oslo II Israeli-Palestinian Water Agreement, which form the basis for a future plan under the doctrine of equitable utilization.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,007 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».