Mental Health in Federal Corrections: Reflections and Future Directions
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The Office of the Correctional Investigator (the Office) was established in 1973 pursuant to Part II of the Inquiries Act. (1) With the proclamation in November 1992 of Part III of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA), (2) the Office was finally entrenched into legislation. The mandate of the Correctional Investigator, as defined by this legislation, is to function as an Ombudsman for federal offenders. The Correctional Investigator is independent of the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) and may initiate an investigation on receipt of a complaint by or on behalf of an offender, at the request of the Minister or on his own initiative. As well, the Office has a responsibility to review and make recommendations on the CSC's policies and procedures associated with individual complaints. In this way, systemic areas of concern can be identified and appropriately addressed. The Correctional Investigator is required by legislation to report annually through the Minister of Public Safety lo both Houses of Parliament. Federal offenders are excluded from the Canada Health Act (3) and their health care needs are not covered by Health Canada or provincial health systems. (4) The CSC Therefore provides health care services directly to federal offenders, including those residing in Community Correctional Centres. The CSC is legislatively mandated to provide health care to offenders through the CCRA. Section 86 of the CCRA slates that: (1) The Service shall provide every inmate with (a) essential health care (which includes mental health care), and (b) reasonable access to non-essential mental health care that will contribute to the inmate's rehabilitation and successful reintegration into the community. (2) The provision of health care under subsection (1) shall conform to professionally accepted standards. Section 87 of the CCRA further states that: The Service shall take into consideration an offender's state of health and health care needs (a) In all decisions affecting the offender, including decisions relating to placement, transfer, administrative segregation and disciplinary matters; and (b) In the preparation of the offender for release and the supervision of the offender. This responsibility requires the CSC to provide health services to federal offenders, either directly or through contracted services. As a result, within the 57 CSC institutions there are live regional mental health treatment centres (one per region) and four regional hospitals which provide post-surgical and palliative care. In addition. Exchange of Service Agreements are in place for the provision of some services through provincial health care systems. The Office first raised its concerns about the delivery of mental health services to federal offenders in its Annual Report 2003-04. (5) This report included a special section highlighting the Office's concerns about the delivery of appropriate mental health services to federal offenders. By and large, the section reflected the Office's support for the mental health strategy developed by the CSC. The Correctional Service's strategy acknowledges that the proportion of federal offenders with significant, identified mental health needs has more than doubled over the past decade. The 2004 strategy, since updated in 2010, was released at approximately the same time as the study on heath care needs of federal inmates was published in the April 2004 issue of Canadian Journal of Public Health. (6) This study indicated that inmates have consistently poorer physical and mental health as compared to the general population, regardless of the indicator chosen. That includes such socioeconomic measures as level of education and unemployment; health behaviour, such as smoking and substance abuse; chronic conditions, including diabetes and heart conditions; infectious diseases, such as HIV and tuberculosis; mental heath disorders, including schizophrenia and mood disorders; and mortality such as homicide and suicide. …
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,003 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,004 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».