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Record W225928801

Mental Health in Federal Corrections: Reflections and Future Directions

2012· article· en· W225928801 on OpenAlexvenueaboutno aff
Ivan Zinger

Bibliographic record

VenueHealth law review · 2012
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldHealth Professions
TopicPublic Health Policies and Education
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsLegislationHealth careMental healthComplaintMental Health ActReceiptCommissionPolitical scienceLawMedicineMandateParliamentPublic administrationBusinessPsychiatry
DOInot available

Abstract

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The Office of the Correctional Investigator (the Office) was established in 1973 pursuant to Part II of the Inquiries Act. (1) With the proclamation in November 1992 of Part III of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA), (2) the Office was finally entrenched into legislation. The mandate of the Correctional Investigator, as defined by this legislation, is to function as an Ombudsman for federal offenders. The Correctional Investigator is independent of the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) and may initiate an investigation on receipt of a complaint by or on behalf of an offender, at the request of the Minister or on his own initiative. As well, the Office has a responsibility to review and make recommendations on the CSC's policies and procedures associated with individual complaints. In this way, systemic areas of concern can be identified and appropriately addressed. The Correctional Investigator is required by legislation to report annually through the Minister of Public Safety lo both Houses of Parliament. Federal offenders are excluded from the Canada Health Act (3) and their health care needs are not covered by Health Canada or provincial health systems. (4) The CSC Therefore provides health care services directly to federal offenders, including those residing in Community Correctional Centres. The CSC is legislatively mandated to provide health care to offenders through the CCRA. Section 86 of the CCRA slates that: (1) The Service shall provide every inmate with (a) essential health care (which includes mental health care), and (b) reasonable access to non-essential mental health care that will contribute to the inmate's rehabilitation and successful reintegration into the community. (2) The provision of health care under subsection (1) shall conform to professionally accepted standards. Section 87 of the CCRA further states that: The Service shall take into consideration an offender's state of health and health care needs (a) In all decisions affecting the offender, including decisions relating to placement, transfer, administrative segregation and disciplinary matters; and (b) In the preparation of the offender for release and the supervision of the offender. This responsibility requires the CSC to provide health services to federal offenders, either directly or through contracted services. As a result, within the 57 CSC institutions there are live regional mental health treatment centres (one per region) and four regional hospitals which provide post-surgical and palliative care. In addition. Exchange of Service Agreements are in place for the provision of some services through provincial health care systems. The Office first raised its concerns about the delivery of mental health services to federal offenders in its Annual Report 2003-04. (5) This report included a special section highlighting the Office's concerns about the delivery of appropriate mental health services to federal offenders. By and large, the section reflected the Office's support for the mental health strategy developed by the CSC. The Correctional Service's strategy acknowledges that the proportion of federal offenders with significant, identified mental health needs has more than doubled over the past decade. The 2004 strategy, since updated in 2010, was released at approximately the same time as the study on heath care needs of federal inmates was published in the April 2004 issue of Canadian Journal of Public Health. (6) This study indicated that inmates have consistently poorer physical and mental health as compared to the general population, regardless of the indicator chosen. That includes such socioeconomic measures as level of education and unemployment; health behaviour, such as smoking and substance abuse; chronic conditions, including diabetes and heart conditions; infectious diseases, such as HIV and tuberculosis; mental heath disorders, including schizophrenia and mood disorders; and mortality such as homicide and suicide. …

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesScience and technology studies
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.309
Threshold uncertainty score0.998

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0040.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.120
GPT teacher head0.545
Teacher spread0.424 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations7
Published2012
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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