Chelating Agent for Uniform Filter Cake Removal in Horizontal and Multilateral Wells: Laboratory Analysis and Formation Damage Diagnosis
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract An impermeable mud cake layer, created on the formation face while drilling may be favorable for drilling operations but detrimental to well productivity. In vertical high pressure wells the layer is cleaned out while flowing back the well at adequate pressure drawdown. On the other hand, low pressure differential at the sand face in horizontal wells makes well cleanup treatments a necessity. Not all filter cake components are acid soluble. Commonly used inorganic acids and oxidizers are very reactive and cause uneven filter cake removal, which can affect the well's performance. As a result, there was a need to evaluate slow-reacting chemicals that can produce delayed uniform filter cake removal in horizontal wells. These treatment chemicals vary from the nonreactive acid-free microemulsion fluid systems to the weak organic acids, acid precursors, enzymes and chelating agents. The objective of this paper is to evaluate two chelating agent based treatments, NTA and EDTA, as filter cake removal treatments for a sandstone reservoir utilizing oil based mud (OBM) drill-in fluid (DIF) in Saudi Arabia. Coreflooding experiments were run under reservoir conditions to evaluate fluid-rock interaction. In addition, fluid-fluid compatibility was conducted between chelating agent and drill-in fluids base brines and between the chelating agent and formation fluid using high temperature, high pressure (HTHP) see-through cell. Solubility and static fluid-loss tests were conducted to evaluate the filter cake removal efficiency. Experimental results indicated that the NTA-based treatment was effective in removing up to 91% of the filter cake uniformly after soaking treatment for 24 hours. Fluid-fluid compatibility tests showed that the NTA-based chelating agent, when mixed with reservoir fluids, was free from precipitation or emulsion. On the contrary, mixing the chelating agent with the DIF carrier brine resulted in severe precipitation of insoluble permanently damaging byproducts. The laboratory study also observed that pH has a direct proportional relationship with the amount of precipitation. EDTA-based treatment results showed a removal efficiency of 93% after soaking treatment for 90 hours. Fluid-fluid compatibility tests showed that the EDTA-based treatment, when mixed with OBM DIF was free from precipitation or emulsion. On the contrary, mixing the chelating agent with the reservoir formation water resulted in severe precipitation of insoluble permanently damaging byproducts.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».