Unmasking frontlet headdresses : an iconographic study of images in Northern Northwest Coast ceremonial headdresses
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This thesis is about the iconography of frontlet headdresses. These objects were part of a spectacular ritual costume worn by high-ranking people on the Northwest Coast of North America. Iconographic analysis (first developed by Panofsky) is based on identifying cultural notions and themes associated with visual images by probing the cultural contexts of objects. This is the mode of analysis used in the thesis to explore the image and the meaning of frontlet headdresses. Data used to support this inquiry were gathered from historical accounts, museum records, and ethnographies. It is established that frontlet headdresses were worn and used in precisely the same fashion by different groups of coastal people and that all of these headdresses were constructed with an invariant set of constituents. Therefore, it is suggested that these headdresses are comprised of a constellation of symbols having fans of multi-vocal referents (after Turner, 1967) and furthermore, that the spatio-temporal consistency in their use points to a shared framework of symbolic referents among neighbouring people. The ceremonial contexts in which the headdress was worn by the Tsimshian, Tlingit and Haida is explored and consistently one theme emerges: the person wearing a frontlet headdress represents an ideal synthesis by an individual of supernatural and social power. This theme, it is argued, forms a simple, yet eloquent, equation. Its very simplicity interconnects a spectrum of meanings about man's relationship to the life and death forces in the universe, about man's relationship with the supernatural and with other men, and about man's relationship to the material world. These relationships are symbolized not only in the ceremonial contexts, but in the individual constituents of the frontlet headdress. The analysis is carried a step further by outlining the parallel sets of relationships between the image of a frontlet headdress, a corpus of myths concerning supernatural wealth-bringing monsters, and the ritual presentation of the frontlet headdress. From these cogent sets of relations, it is argued that the dancer in a frontlet headdress is an individualistic image of the ideal structuring of the universe. His successful quests in the world of men and in the world of spirits are symbolized by the frontlet headdress he wears, and in this sense, he is the image of those fruitful actions. This thesis demonstrates that iconographic studies of Northwest Coast artifacts may involve the questioning, if not the discarding, of established designations for particular corpora of artifacts. It entails a rethinking of the metaphors that past ethnographers, in their act of translation, used to establish the identity of artifacts. Finally, it requires a methodical mapping of the social, ritual, and mythological contexts of the use of these objects, in order to illuminate the symbolic spectrum condensed in their image.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,005 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,003 | 0,003 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,007 | 0,008 |
| Communication savante | 0,005 | 0,004 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,004 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,004 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».