Lisa D. Alexander. When Baseball Isn't White, Straight and Male: The

Lisa D. Alexander. When Baseball Isn't White, Straight and Male: The and Difference in the National Pastime. Jefferson NC: McFarland, 2013. 194 pp. Paperback, $39.95. Jennifer J. Asenas and Kevin A. Johnson Lisa Doris Alexander examines the way members of the media frame identities in their coverage of Major League Baseball (MLB). Specifically, Alexander is concerned with MLB conveys about power relations along the lines of race, class, gender, and sexuality (7). Chapter one examines the salience of race/ethnicity and nationality became visible through the controlling images, or stereotypes, that were created and/or exploited during the 1998 McGwire/Sosa home-run chase (2). Chapter two analyzes how race and nationality influenced the different in which of sexual identity were discussed for Mike Piazza and Kazuhiro Tadano (3). Alexander argues that Piazza's status as an elite white male, with the homophobia present in society at large, and sports culture more specifically, allowed questions surrounding his sexual orientation to turn into a media spectacle and that race- and gender-based stereotypes regarding Asian masculinity dampened discussions about Tadano (32). In chapter three, Alexander argues that issues of race, nationality, class, and objectification became salient when Alex signed his contract with the Rangers (3). Alexander contextual izes Rodriguez's contract by noting that, Race enters the picture because mi.B's power structure is organized with white owners (with one exception: Angels owner Arte Moreno), controlling a force comprised largely of black and Latin labor (51). Chapter four considers how society's very definitions of race came into play when Effa Manley became the first woman inducted into baseball's Hall of Fame in 2005 (3). Alexander argues, Manley's history, and the way that history was during her induction, highlights how the intersection of race and gender functioned during the World War II period (71). Chapter five examines Barry Bonds' record-breaking seasons and his complicated relationship with sportswriters, the specter of performance-enhancing drugs, and his age as well as his race and the way each combined to influence how Bonds's achievements are framed (3). Alexander argues that sportswriters adopted a guilty-until-proven-innocent posture toward Bonds where performance-enhancing drugs are concerned, when some other (white) athletes were perceived to be innocent until proven guilty (85). Chapter six discusses of race, nationality, and reputation intersected during [MLB's] continuing efforts to purge performance-enhancing drugs from the sport (3). Alexander examines the cases of Roger Clemens, Andy Pettitte, Manny Ramirez, David Ortiz, and Alex Rodriguez and notes that Media representatives have responded to these steroid allegations with disbelief, anger, and indifference (n8). She asks, With such a range in responses, . . . what accounts for the different suspected steroid users have been treated by sportswriters? Does race and/or ethnicity help explain the different responses (mg)? Chapter seven examines the ways MLB honors Jackie Robinson, and brings up questions surrounding how we view history and how race influences the narratives we tell about baseball's past, present, and future (3). …

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