Lisa D. Alexander. When Baseball Isn't White, Straight and Male: The
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lisa D. Alexander. When Baseball Isn't White, Straight and Male: The and Difference in the National Pastime. Jefferson NC: McFarland, 2013. 194 pp. Paperback, $39.95. Jennifer J. Asenas and Kevin A. Johnson Lisa Doris Alexander examines the way members of the media frame identities in their coverage of Major League Baseball (MLB). Specifically, Alexander is concerned with MLB conveys about power relations along the lines of race, class, gender, and sexuality (7). Chapter one examines the salience of race/ethnicity and nationality became visible through the controlling images, or stereotypes, that were created and/or exploited during the 1998 McGwire/Sosa home-run chase (2). Chapter two analyzes how race and nationality influenced the different in which of sexual identity were discussed for Mike Piazza and Kazuhiro Tadano (3). Alexander argues that Piazza's status as an elite white male, with the homophobia present in society at large, and sports culture more specifically, allowed questions surrounding his sexual orientation to turn into a media spectacle and that race- and gender-based stereotypes regarding Asian masculinity dampened discussions about Tadano (32). In chapter three, Alexander argues that issues of race, nationality, class, and objectification became salient when Alex signed his contract with the Rangers (3). Alexander contextual izes Rodriguez's contract by noting that, Race enters the picture because mi.B's power structure is organized with white owners (with one exception: Angels owner Arte Moreno), controlling a force comprised largely of black and Latin labor (51). Chapter four considers how society's very definitions of race came into play when Effa Manley became the first woman inducted into baseball's Hall of Fame in 2005 (3). Alexander argues, Manley's history, and the way that history was during her induction, highlights how the intersection of race and gender functioned during the World War II period (71). Chapter five examines Barry Bonds' record-breaking seasons and his complicated relationship with sportswriters, the specter of performance-enhancing drugs, and his age as well as his race and the way each combined to influence how Bonds's achievements are framed (3). Alexander argues that sportswriters adopted a guilty-until-proven-innocent posture toward Bonds where performance-enhancing drugs are concerned, when some other (white) athletes were perceived to be innocent until proven guilty (85). Chapter six discusses of race, nationality, and reputation intersected during [MLB's] continuing efforts to purge performance-enhancing drugs from the sport (3). Alexander examines the cases of Roger Clemens, Andy Pettitte, Manny Ramirez, David Ortiz, and Alex Rodriguez and notes that Media representatives have responded to these steroid allegations with disbelief, anger, and indifference (n8). She asks, With such a range in responses, . . . what accounts for the different suspected steroid users have been treated by sportswriters? Does race and/or ethnicity help explain the different responses (mg)? Chapter seven examines the ways MLB honors Jackie Robinson, and brings up questions surrounding how we view history and how race influences the narratives we tell about baseball's past, present, and future (3). …
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Other About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Not applicable | low |
| gpt | Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) Domain: not available · Genre: Other About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Not applicable | high |
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.988 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 2 models reading the full record.
The models disagree on parts of this classification; every voice is preserved in the section at the end of the page.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".