Kålgallmygga, Contarinia nasturtii Kieffer : en växtskadegörare på kål
Pourquoi ce travail est dans la base
Une base qui oublie comment elle a trouvé un travail ne peut pas être vérifiée. Voici les voies qui ont admis celui-ci.
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The purpose of this paper is to examine what problems cabbage growers have with the \nSwede Midge. The last few years the Swede Midge, Contarinia nasturtii, has become \na larger problem for cabbage growers in several countries in Europe as well as in \nSweden. In Canada the problems are so severe that the midge is classified as a \nquarantine pest and therefore certain rules have to be followed. I have collected facts \nof the biology, host plants and reproduction of the Swede Midge, as well as the \ngrowers experiences and the occurrence of the midge in Canada, Europe and Sweden. \nThe Swede Midge is hard to control because of its short life cycle and the larvae are \nprotected between the heartleaves of the plant. When the larva feeds on the growth \npoint the plant becomes distorted, in some cases several heads develop or none at all. \nWhen the midge infests spring rape its flower buds become undeveloped and rosette \nlike. By severe infestations in spring rape the fields can re-flower later during the \nseason. In Sweden the midge has two to three generations per year. The larvae \noverwinter in the soil for about 1-2 years. \nI have counted midges caught in the pheromone traps, placed in fields of winter \nwheat, spring rape and cabbage by Växtskyddscentralen, Alnarp, 2005, to get a \npicture of the generations and reproduction of the Swede Midge. The results show that \na large amount of midges overwinter in the spring rape fields and hatch the following \nyear. Then the midges fly to new hostplants and start a new generation. If there are \ncabbage fields nearby, the next generation of the Swede Midge can cause severe \ndamage. An investigation was made in the 1970's in Skåne and Blekinge, which \nshowed that the infestations were severe. Already then it was established that a large \nincrease of the midge population in spring rape could lead to huge consequences for \nthe cabbage grower. The pheromone traps in the cabbage fields show that if cabbage \nis grown year after year or on a field nearby, the population is kept alive. \nThe chemical control should be directed towards the adult midges. However, today \nthere is no good method of actually knowing when the midge flies. The pheromon \ntraps have made it possible to start the development of a monitoring system. Research \nand trials are in progress to optimize the pesticide treatment to the flight peaks and to \nprevent egg-laying. Still there are some preventive measures to be taken, such as crop \nrotation, controlling weeds and field selection. \nExcept developing a reliable monitoring system, further knowledge of the \noverwintering of the larvae in the soil and of its natural enemies is needed. Together \nwith the preventive measures it is possible to find new ways of controlling the Swede \nMidge and hopefully to reduce the use of pesticides.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,006 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle