Phase Stability of Auditory Steady State Responses in Newborn Infants
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
In Brief Objectives: This study examined the phases of auditory steady state responses (ASSRs) evoked by exponentially amplitude-modulated (AM2) tones in 44 newborn infants (within 3 days of birth) and in 15 older infants (within 3 to 15 wks of birth). Our hypothesis was that the phases of the ASSRs would show orderly changes with modulation rate/carrier frequency and that this stability could be used with phase-biasing statistical techniques to augment response detection. Design: Multiple ASSRs were recorded to four modulated tonal carriers with intensities of 50 dB SPL, which were combined and presented simultaneously. The carriers of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz were modulated at rates between 78 and 95 Hz. Recordings lasted 12.3 mins. Data were analyzed offline with particular attention to phase and its possible exploitation in response detection using a phase-weighted t test (PWT). Population normative phase values were compared with self-normative values. The latter uses phase estimates from ASSRs that are detected at an earlier time to estimate expected phases of ASSRs, which have not yet been detected. This was implemented as an interstimulus phase-weighted t test (iPWT). A secondary analysis compared using fixed test durations where data were evaluated once at the end of the recording with variable test durations where data were evaluated after every sweep. Results: Average phases were not statistically different between the newborn and older infants. The mean ASSR phases across both infant groups were 10°, 36°, 83°, and 110° in the left ear and 78°, 97°, 135°, and 138° in the right ear for the four modulated carriers, respectively. Of a total of 172 detected ASSRs across the four carriers, 63% (109/172), 84% (144/172), and 99% (170/172) of the phase values fell within ±30°, ±45°, and ±90° of the population mean values, respectively. Self-normative phase values were slightly closer to actual measured phases, than population normative values. Compared with the F test, with a fixed duration, the iPWT technique did slightly better (71.7% versus 77.1% detected). Compared with the F test, with variable test duration, test time was reduced using the iPWT technique for normal and weighted averaging by 4 and 2.9 sweeps (66 and 48 secs), respectively, while false-positive rates were maintained. Compared with tests that relied on the F-ratio and a fixed time of 12.3 mins, using variable test times and the iPWT approach resulted in a halving of test time, while slightly improving comparable ASSR detection rates (66.7% versus 72.5%). An inter-ear average phase difference of 52° was found, which was not accounted for by modulation rates used for left/right ears. Converting phase to latency yielded similar results to prior studies. Conclusions: The phase responses of ASSRs evoked by AM2 tones are stable in newborn and young infants. When using the multiple auditory steady state response (MASTER) technique, it is possible to employ phase-biasing methods to reduce test time and increase detection rates. Using self-normative intrastimulus phase difference values provides better estimated phases than average population phases for purposes of response detection. This study examined phases of auditory steady state responses (ASSRs) evoked by exponentially amplitude-modulated (AM2) tones in 44 newborns (<3 days) and 15 older infants (3 to 15 wks). ASSR phases showed orderly changes with modulation rate/carrier frequency. This phase stability enables phase-biasing statistics to improve response detection. Compared with F-ratio detection, phase-biasing methods improved detection rates (71.7% versus 77.1%) for fixed-duration tests of 12.3 mins. Variable test times permitted halving of test time, with phase biasing again improving ASSR detection compared with F-ratio (72.5% versus 66.7%). Infant phases are sufficiently stable that phase biasing can serve to improve ASSR testing.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».