Comparison of Streamline Reservoir Simulation of Brine Flow, Mixing and Barium Sulphate Induced Formation Damage with Observed Produced Water Chemical Data to Aid Scale Management
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract In waterflooded reservoirs under active scale management produced water samples are routinely collected and analysed, yielding information on the evolving variations in chemical composition. These produced water chemical compositional data contain clues as to the fluid/fluid and fluid/rock interactions occurring in the subsurface, and are used to inform scale management programmes designed to minimise damage and enable improved recovery. In this interdisciplinary paper, the analyses of produced water compositional data from the Miller Field are presented and a 1D reactive transport model is developed to study possible geochemical reactions taking place within the reservoir through matching model results with observed produced water data. However, in the 1D reactive transport model, only one flow path was simulated; this does not fully represent the fluid flow and mixing behaviour in the reservoir. Therefore, this paper also presents a fully 3D reservoir simulation study for the Miller Field to evaluate brine flow and mixing processes occurring in the reservoir, using an available history matched streamline reservoir simulation model integrated with produced water chemical data. Conservative natural tracers were added into the modelled injection water, and then the displacement of injection water and the behaviours of the produced water in two given production wells were further studied. In addition, the connectivity between producers and injectors was investigated based on the comparison of production behaviour calculated by the reservoir model with produced water chemical data, and an assessment of the properties of the intervening faults was also performed. Finally, a model of BaSO4 scale precipitation was included in the model, and the simulation results with and without barite precipitation were compared with produced water chemical data (observed barium and sulphate concentrations in the produced brine). In general, the modelled and observed data were found to be in good agreement, but any discrepancies were in fact found to be very informative also. The model assumes scale deposition is possible everywhere in the formation, whereas in reality the near production well zones were generally protected by scale inhibitor squeeze treatments, and thus the discrepancies between modelled and observed data could be used to diagnose the effectiveness of the chemical treatments to prevent formation damage around the production wells.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».