S03.3 Addressing gender-based violence to reduce risk of STI and HIV
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Background Gender-based violence, and gender inequality more broadly, has been found to be associated with increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STI) including HIV among women and girls as well as among key vulnerable groups such as sex workers. This paper presents the evidence of the increased risk of STI and HIV associated with gender-based violence; and looks at potential pathways by which gender-based violence and STI and HIV are linked. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that measure the association between intimate partner violence and STI and HIV was conducted by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and WHO as part of work feeding into the Global Burden of Disease Study estimates on violence against women and its health impacts. Another systematic review of studies that measure association between violence against sex workers and STI and HIV was also conducted by the University of British Columbia, Vancouver and WHO. Other studies and literature were reviewed to identify potential pathways to explain the links between gender-based violence and HIV. Results The results of the systematic review show that best estimate of association between physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence and HIV was an odds ratio (OR) of 1.52 (95% CI = 1.03 to 2.23) for HIV, from studies from generalized and concentrated HIV epidemics and slightly higher for syphilis, chlamydia or gonorrhea. . These studies, however, are mainly cross sectional population-based surveys among women in the general population. The systematic review of violence against sex workers shows that sex workers from India and US who experience sexual violence have between 2 and 3-fold increased risk of HIV sero-positivity. Sex workers who experience any form of physical or sexual violence by any perpetrator in studies from India (Karnataka), Thailand, USA (San Francico) also showed increased risk of STI sero-positivity. Studies suggest 4 potential pathways linking gender-based violence and STI/HIV. First, sexual violence can be directly associated with increased STI and HIV transmission. There are also several indirect mechanisms; these include a history of violence in childhood or adolescence being linked to increased sexual risk taking later; and difficulties in negotiation of condom use with the partner. Also, men who perpetrate violence are also more likely to engage in sexual risk taking. Third, fear of violence can prevent women and sex workers from seeking or accessing HIV information and services. Lastly, violence can be an outcome of diagnosis and disclosure of HIV status. Conclusion Interventions to address the HIV epidemic among women and among sex workers need to address violence as a risk factor. In each setting, interventions need to be based on an understanding of the potential pathways that link violence against women and sex workers to STI and HIV infection. HIV prevention, treatment, and care programmes for women and for sex workers can integrate violence prevention into their risk-reduction counselling and communication, work with men and boys to promote gender equality and reduce violence perpetration, empower women, girls and sex workers, address harmful gender norms that perpetuate the acceptability of violence, and address the harmful use of alcohol. Laws and policies that criminalize sex workers and that perpetuate gender-based discrimination against women and girls also need to be addressed.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».