Lower Tertiary Trend: A Study in the Impact of Advancing Technology
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
In 2002, few believed that Lower Tertiary sands would be present, let alone productive. Today these defiant sands are reshaping the industry's appraisal of plays in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Back in 2002, supermajor Chevron and independent Devon formed a joint venture to explore and exploit the deep Wilcox formation. According to both, new and emerging technology has been and continues to be the differentiator in both the exploration and exploitation efforts in these deep structural targets and has the potential to create a shock wave on financial portfolios. The Jack-2 well test took place in the second quarter of 2006 at Walker Ridge Block 758 in 7,000 ft of water, and more than 20,000 ft under the seafloor, breaking Chevron's 2004 Tahiti well-test record as the deepest successful well test in the GOM. Chevron, Devon, and Statoil announced that it was a record-setting production test, with the test representing approximately 40% of the total net pay measured in the Jack-2 well. National Geographic recently gave an apt description of industry achievement in the Lower Tertiary trend: "…you're looking at where in the GOM to drill an 80- to 100-million-dollar well that will ultimately be the size of a dinner plate [on the seafloor]." And, according to analysts, it equates to spending U.S. $100 million to drill and construct a well in mile-deep water to as deep as 5.3 miles below sea level beneath a salt canopy. The recent, well-publicized Jack-2 well test is actually the latest of several successes in the play. The Great White and Trident finds by Chevron, located in Alaminos Canyon, were the first, and it is speculated that this trend could extend into the Garden Banks and Green Canyon blocks. "This is truly frontier exploration … pushing boundaries," said Gero Farrugio, Wood Mackenzie Upstream Research Manager for Latin America, the U.S. GOM, and Canada. Other prospects already on record in the GOM Lower Tertiary trend include Cascade in 2002, St. Malo in 2003, the first Jack find in 2004, and Kaskida in 2006. The Jack prospect is located far from any existing platform and pipeline infrastructure. Farrugio points out that while "the Jack-2 test is the first indicator, it is far from proving commerciality of the play." The technology that is being brought to bear to realize the potential of the Lower Tertiary trend is the ingredient that has the potential to bring understanding of this play needed for the creation of infrastructure and ultimately to prove commercial viability. Drilling commenced on the Jack-2 well under 7,000 ft of water and continued to a depth of 28,175 ft. At this depth, pressures can reach 20,000 psi and the temperature of the oil is approximately 200°C.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,003 | 0,013 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,003 | 0,009 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,004 | 0,003 |
| Communication savante | 0,010 | 0,010 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,004 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,004 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,012 | 0,002 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».