An study on the relationship between the change of echogenicity in substantia nigra by transcranial sonography and clinical features in patients with Parkinson's disease
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Objective To detect the echogenicity of substantia nigra(SN) by transcranial sonography(TCS) and investigate it's relationships with motor symptoms(MS) and non-motor symptoms(NMS) in patients with Parkinson's disease(PD). Methods(1)122 PD patients in Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital and 46 age and gender-matched healthy individuals were recruited from January 2012 to December 2012.(2) Echogenicity and hyperechogenicity area of SN and ratio of hyper-SN over ipsilateral midbrain(S/M) were detected by TCS; PD patients with echogenicity of gradeⅠ-Ⅱ and gradeⅢ-Ⅳ were included in PDSN- and PDSN+ groups, respectively.(3)MS was evaluated by Hoehn-Yahr Stage and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating ScaleⅢ(UPDRS Ⅲ), and NMS was assessed by Non-motor Symptoms Questionnaire(NMSQ), Mini-Mental Status Examination(MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MoCA), Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale(PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale(ESS), Scale For Outcomes in PD For Autonomic Symptoms(SCOPA-AUT), Fatigue Scale-14(FS-14) and Restless Legs Syndrome Severity Rating Scale(RLSRS).(4)The relationships between echogenicity of SN and MS and NMS were analyzed. Results(1) In 122 PD patients, there(was) were 0, 31, 57, 32 and 2 case(s) for grade Ⅰ-Ⅴof SN echogenicity,respectively,and 91 cases(74.6%)and 31 cases(25.4%)were in SN- and SN+ groups, respectively; In 40 cases normal subjects(6 cases were not detected due to poor temporal window condition), there(was) were 11, 26, 3, 0 and 0 case(s) for gradeⅠ-Ⅴof SN echogenicity,respectively,and 3 cases(7.5%)and 31case(92.5%)were in SN+and SN- groups, respectively; the incidence of SN hyperechogenicity in PD group was significantly higher than that in control group(P0.05); The hyperechogenicity area of SN and S/M ratio in PD patients with different grade of echogenicity were all significantly higher than that in control group(P 0.05).(2)The incidence of PDSN(+) in male was significantly higher than that of female(P0.05). The age and age onset of PDSN+group were notably older than that of PDSN- group,(62.0±9.6) years vs.(54.3±11.1)years,(57.9 ±11.0) years vs.(51.1±10.9)years, P0.05.(3) H-Y stage in PDSN+group was prominently severe compare with PDSN- group,(2.06±0.77)stage vs.(1.68±0.63)stage, P0.05, and tremor score of UPDRSⅢ in PDSN+ group was significantly higher than that in PDSN- group(P0.05); Onset side in 72 out of 92 cases(79.1%)in PDSN + group was in the opposite side of SN hyperechogenicity or the side with larger area of SN hyperechogenicity if both sides involved, 19 cases(20.9%)was in the same side with SN hyperechogenicity or the side with larger area of SN hyperechogenicity if both sides involved.(4)MoCA score in PDSN+group was significantly declined compared with SN- group,(20.1±5.4) points vs.(22.7±5.8)points,P0.05, the incidences of PD with mild cognitive impairment in PDSN+group were remarkably higher than that in PDSN+ group,63.74% vs. 32.26%, P0.05; SCOPA-AUT score in PDSN+group was significantly higher than that in PDSN- group,(36.8±9.0) points vs.(33.5±7.7)points, P0.05; The incidences and scores of other NMS in two groups were not different(P0.05). Conclusions PD patients have high incidences of SN hyperechogenicity detected by TCS. Echogenicity, hyperechogenicity area of SN and S/M ration all reflect SN echogenicity; factors relating higher incidences of SN hyperechogenicity in PD patients include male, older age and older onset age; PD patients present the onset symptoms in the opposite side of SN hyperechogenicity, show a higher H-Y stage, severer tremor and significantly impaired cognitive and autonomic functions.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».