Seed-and soil-borne fungi of 3 turfgrass species and effects of fungicide seed treatment
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
A series of experiments were carried out in the laboratory, glasshouse and in the field. The seeds used in the experiments included perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and bluegrass (Poa pratensis), three cultivars of each species. The results obtained from the laboratory trials showed that the seed germination percentage of tall fescue variety Barlexas and of all 3 varieties of bluegrass on filter paper were significantly higher than that in petri plates containing field soil (P0.05). Four fungal species were isolated from seeds of the 9 turfgrass varieties tested after seeds were incubated on filter paper. These four fungi are known as common seedborne species. However, 14 fungal species were isolated from seeds and roots of seedlings of the same varieties after seeds were incubated in petri plates containing field soil. Some of the fungi isolated are pathogens of turfgrasses including Drechslera poae, Rhizoctonia solani and species of Fusarium. Seeds of nine turfgrass cultivars were individually treated with thiram, thiophanate-methyl or triadimefon. The application rates of the fungicides were thiram at 5 g a.i./kg seed for all cultivars tested; thiophanate-methyl at 5 g a.i./kg seed for perennial ryegrass, 4 g a.i./kg seed for tall fescue, and 3 g a.i./kg seed for bluegrass; and triadimefon for the turfgrass species listed above, 0.5, 0.4, and 0.3 g a.i./kg seed, respectively. The treated seeds were then sown in pots containing field soil. The effects of seed treatment on seed emergence and seedling dry weight varied with the combination of cultivar and fungicide. Thiram treatment significantly increased seed germination of Premier perennial ryegrass and Platini bluegrass by up to 80.6% and 45.2%, respectively, 13~16d after sowing. Compared to the untreated control, triadimefon seed treatment increased seedling emergence of tall fescue, the highest was Barlexas by up to 166.7%. Thiram, thiophanate-methyl and triadimefon increased shoot dry weight per pot of Taya perennial ryegrass by 47.2%, 29.5% and 34.7%, respectively, and Thiram and thiophanate-methyl increased the root dry weight per pot of the same cultivar by 67.7% and 97.1%, respectively. Thiram and triadimefon treatment increased shoot dry weight of Gator II ryegrass by 32.1% and 29.6%, respectively. Thiophanate-methyl treatment resulted in increase of Platini bluegrass root and shoot dry weight per pot of up to 230% and 100%, respectively. Similar responses to fungicide seed treatments were found for root and shoot dry weight per seedling for all turfgrass cultivars tested. The results of field experiments showed that fungicide seed treatments improved seedling emergence and biomass of turfgrasses tested to different extents. Root and shoot dry weight per pot of tested turfgrass cultivars were correlated positively with the root and shoot dry weight per plot. The correlation coefficient between weight per pot and weight per plot was 0.81 for root and 0.82 for shoot (p0.05). The relationships can be expressed by the equations Y_1=13.178+3.5911X_1, and Y_2=0.11803+3.6845X_2, respectively.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».