Notice bibliographique
Résumé
In March 27, 2005, Wilfred Bigelow died in Toronto at age 91. A pioneer in the early era of heart surgery, he expanded his interest in hypothermia to the repair of congenital defects. He studied the effect of induced hypothermia in lowering metabolic rate and oxygen consumption of tissues and postulated that this method would extend the safe period of temporary circulatory interruption by postponing cerebral ischemia. As a consequence, the known limit of tolerance was extended from a few minutes at normal temperature to 10 or 15 minutes. He studied the need to overcome shivering while reaching the desired temperature level, and he developed methods to control cardiac dysrhythmia at low temperatures. In 1949, he presented the results of his studies on hypothermic dogs at a meeting of the American Surgical Association in Colorado Springs. He developed a special cooling blanket for the induction of hypothermia and for rewarming. With John C. Callaghan and J.A. Hopps, he developed one of the first electrical pacemakers. They developed techniques to combat air embolism and cardiac dysfunction during the period of temperature manipulation. Bigelow's report led several surgeons, including ourselves, to attempt intracardiac repairs of simple anatomic anomalies such as atrial septal defect and isolated pulmonic stenosis. Repair could be successful if accomplished within a maximum of 8 or 10 minutes of circulatory arrest. Bigelow was born June 18, 1913, in Brandon, Manitoba, the son of Dr. W.A. Bigelow, himself a pioneer physician. Wilfred attended the University of Toronto and received his graduate training at Toronto General Hospital and later at Johns Hopkins Hospital, where he was influenced by Richard Bing in the recently formed cardiac catheterization laboratory. Their studies of circulatory dynamics contributed importantly to knowledge of cardiac and circulatory function. After his training at Johns Hopkins, Bigelow was named a research fellow at Toronto in 1950, where he continued his investigations. He became professor of surgery in 1970 and head of the cardiovascular division of Toronto General Hospital from 1956 to 1977, retiring in 1979. Dr. Bigelow was elected president of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery, the Society for Vascular Surgery, and the Canadian Cardiovascular Society. In 1959, he received the prestigious Gairdner Foundation International Award for his contributions to surgical science. Wilfred was a friendly, personable, unassuming, and modest individual and a man I admired greatly. Denton A. Cooley, MD President, Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,014 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,004 | 0,003 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,005 | 0,012 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,021 | 0,022 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».