H<scp>istorical</scp> V<scp>ignettes in</scp> H<scp>eart</scp> F<scp>ailure</scp>
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
“The case is given by Dr. Cheyne.… The only peculiarity in the last period of his illness, which lasted only 8 or 9 days, was in the state of the respiration. For several days, his breathing was irregular; it would entirely cease for a quarter of a minute, and then it would become perceptible, but very low, then by degrees it became heaving and quick, and then it would gradually cease again. This revolution in the state of his breathing occupied about 1 minute, during which there were about 30 acts of respiration…the cavity of the left ventricle was greatly enlarged…this case is full of instruction. We see in a patient…the establishment of a weakened heart…after exhibiting a peculiar character of respiration, doubtless a symptom of this condition of the heart.…”1 William Stokes was born in Dublin in 1804 and studied chemistry at Glasgow. It was in Edinburgh where he received his medical education and degree in 1823. In 1825, he returned to Dublin and was appointed physician to Meath Hospital where his reputation as a teacher and clinician rapidly grew. In 1837, he wrote Diseases of the Chest, which was recognized as the first modern treatise on the subject in the English language and which brought him great fame. Later, his book, Diseases of the Heart and the Aorta, was published. This treatise was the result of 20 years of experience and demonstrated Stokes' clinical acumen and intimate familiarity with the literature of cardiology. Of Stokes, it has been said “his great object in teaching medicine was to make his pupils practical men, to stimulate them to original investigations, and to make them feel that he himself was, in all cases, their fellow student.” After spending 50 years at Meath Hospital and receiving several honors, he resigned. William Stokes died on January 10, 1878.2 This passage from William Stokes' book, Diseases of the Heart and the Aorta, describes a particular type of respiration in patients with “fatty degeneration” of the heart. This abnormality of the breathing pattern is today called Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Although Cheyne was the first to describe this particular symptom, it was Stokes who related it to patients with heart failure, “…the cavity of the left ventricle was greatly enlarged…this case is full of instruction. We see in a patient…the establishment of a weakened heart…after exhibiting a peculiar character of respiration, doubtless a symptom of this.” Several recent studies have described the importance of sleep breathing disorders (central or obstructive sleep apnea) in patients with heart failure. Central sleep apnea or Cheyne-Stokes respiration is considered a symptom and a potential therapeutic target in patients with heart failure. Stokes' description and his keen sense of scientific expression stood the test of time.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,004 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,005 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,074 | 0,020 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».