Reviews of development and utilization of tidal energy over Chinese offshore
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
China has carried out five massive investigation and selection work on tidal energy and the latest survey results show that China's theoretical potentiality of the tidal energy within 10m depth contour offshore is estimated to be 192.86 GW. 171 potetial sites that have over 500 kW installed capacity add up to 22.83GW in total, with an annual energy output of 62.6 TWh. These potential sites of large scale for tidal power plant have developed in seventeen places in coastal areas in Zhejiang and Fujian provinces, each of which has the installed capacity of over ten thousand kW and enjoys fantastic natural conditions. With the support from special funds for Marine Renewable Energy, and local government and enterprises, Rushankou, Jiantiao, Bachimen, Maluanwan, and Oufei, five tidal power plants with installed capacity of over ten thousand kW, have already got complete pre-scientific research design, making it possible for further development and exploitation. While special funds also aided standardized work for development and exploitation of tidal power, it lays sound foundation for the development of the industry. Since 1950s, China has established numerous small-sized tidal power stations and built Jiangxia tidal power station, the third largest one in the world in 1986. After years of experience, the construction, maintenance and management of the tidal power station in China are relatively mature, yet still lower in development and utilization rate compared with other major maritime countries such United Kingdom, France, Canada, South Korea, and Russia. Based on the current situation of the tidal energy in China, following suggestions are proposed: abiding by the principle of sustainable development, economic utilization, scientific and technological orientation, moderate advance, and international cooperation, we will improve the specification of China's laws and regulations of marine renewable energy, while establishing unified, efficient and coordinated legal system for marine energy development and utilization. We will formulate a long-term and comprehensive overall plan for marine energy development and utilization on the basis of giving priority to functional zoning while balancing the administrative division. We will set up a leading body for the management of the overall national marine energy development projects, and define its position, duties and powers. We will draw up preferential policies to promote the marine energy development, further increase financial support and establish both normal mechanism featuring ever-increasing financial special funds and market competition mechanism. On the other hand, we will draw strength from foreign experience and use policy tools such as tax, subsidies, renewable energy trust fund, renewable energy quota obligations, and green pricing. We will construct as soon as possible the tidal energy standards for resource exploration, appraisal procedure, conversion equipment, power plant construction, and maintenance management. We will develop plans and comprehensive management system, strengthen policy and financial support, make full preparation in upper design before development and exploration, and make full preparation in assessment of "environment assessment of marine engineering" and "marine usage demonstration" while paying attention to ecological protection and coordinated development.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,005 | 0,008 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».