Neither with Them, nor without Them: The Russian Writer and the Jew in the Age of Realism
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Elena M. Katz. Neither with Them, Nor Without Them: The Russian Writer and the Jew in the Age of Realism. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2008. 366 pp. Bibliography. Index. $29.95, cloth.Russian writers contributed to the creation of the image of the Jew as Other in imperial culture. Katz focuses on three iconic figures in the defining period of 1830-1880: Gogol' Dostoevskii, and Turgenev. She argues that the first saw them through folkloric images of Jews, the second through a zealous nationalism, and the third through a pro- Western and cosmopolitan orientation. The fiction is examined alongside the essays and correspondence of each author, and these are related to wider public and political pronouncements. The result is a richly textured account with many insights into the literature and society's view of Jews.Previous readings have often condemned the writers as anti-Semitic or have defined them in blunt terms as either sympathetic or antipathetic toward Jews. Katz tends to use the term Judeophobia, which implies a religious rather than racial rejection. Since antiSemitism as a racial category only appeared during the 1 870s, largely as an import from the West, she considers it less applicable. She also finds the term allophobia (a fear of the Other) more appropriate in describing some imperial and nationalistic attitudes. Another level of complexity is posed by each author's evolution. Gogol' accepted Jews as part of the cultural landscape but showed little interest in them, especially later in life. Dostoevskii's zealotry, on the other hand, turned him into a Judeophobe and anti-Semite toward the end of his life. However, this evolution is less evident in his fiction, which is dominated by a fear and contempt for all things foreign. His Russian messianism was related to his attacks on the individualism, capitalism and liberalism of which the West and Jews were guilty. Katz describes his views as blending old stereotypes with modern myths of degeneracy. Her analysis demonstrates how the literary Jew was also a product of this process of self-definition.Turgenev emerges as a refreshing foil to Dostoevskii. An enlightened, humanitarian, and European writer, he did much to demythologize the literary Jew and Jewess, as his Unhappy Girl (1869) demonstrates. For Turgenev, Europe represented modernity and moderation that Russia needed. His construct of the Jew included positive features. However, the writer did not publicly condemn the growing anti-Semitism of the 1870s or pogroms of the early 1880s.Katz shows sensitivity to often ignored distinctions between the terms Rus', Russia, and Ukraine, but her discussion of Gogol s Taras Bul'ba fails to explain the historical context accurately. …
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Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,006 | 0,006 |
| Communication savante | 0,006 | 0,004 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
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Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».