A revision of the <i> <scp>E</scp> ncarsia pergandiella </i> species complex ( <scp>H</scp> ymenoptera: <scp>A</scp> phelinidae) shows cryptic diversity in parasitoids of whitefly pests
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Encarsia pergandiella H oward, described from N orth A merica ( USA ), and E ncarsia tabacivora V iggiani, described from South America (Brazil) ( Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae ), are two formally recognized taxonomic entities, that have been treated by several authors as synonyms due to lack of strong diagnostic characters. Taxonomy of these species is further complicated because several populations, geographically separated and differing in their biology, have been included under the concept of E. pergandiella . Among these, a population originally collected in B razil and introduced to North America reproduces by thelytokous parthenogenesis and is infected by the symbiont C ardinium , while a morphologically indistinguishable population, naturally occurring in T exas, is biparental and infected by a related strain of C ardinium that induces cytoplasmic incompatibility. A third population known from C alifornia and introduced to the Old World is biparental and uninfected by intracellular symbionts. While adult females of the first two populations have entirely light yellow bodies and pupate face up (light form), those of the third population have largely brown bodies and pupate face down (dark form). Other dark form populations are known from Texas, Florida and New York . Because these parasitoids are economically important biological control agents of cosmopolitan whitefly pests, it is critical to characterize them correctly. In this study, we integrated molecular and morphometric analyses to substantiate observed differences in biological traits, and resolve the complicated taxonomy of this species complex. We sequenced the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene and the D2 region of the ribosomal 28S gene for individuals of both light form (from Texas and Brazil ) and dark form (from California, Texas, Italy and Canary Islands ) originating from laboratory cultures or collected in the field. Phylogenetic analysis unambiguously distinguished three well‐supported groups corresponding to the T exas light form, the B razil light form and the dark form. Individuals of these three groups, in combination with all available type material ( E. pergandiella , its synonym Encarsia versicolor G irault and E. tabacivora ) and additional museum specimens of the dark form from New York and Italy , were subjected to multivariate morphometric analyses using Burnaby principal component analysis followed by a linear discriminant analysis, and multivariate ratio analysis . Overall, the analyses showed that: (i) E. pergandiella and E. tabacivora are two distinct species; (ii) the thelytokous B razil light form corresponds to E. tabacivora ; (iii) the biparental T exas light form is a new species formally described here as E ncarsia suzannae sp.n. ; (iv) two new biparental species can be referred to the dark form, one described as E ncarsia gennaroi sp.n. including the populations sampled in California, Texas, Italy and Canary Islands , and the other corresponding to the population from New York described as Encarsia marthae sp.n. A dichotomous key for both sexes of the species of the E . pergandiella complex is provided for identification. This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:278475A0‐C2C4‐4400‐A042‐A5716457829D .
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,003 | 0,004 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,005 | 0,003 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,005 |
| Communication savante | 0,004 | 0,004 |
| Science ouverte | 0,004 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,002 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».