Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The rise of Hitler in Germany eventually led the National Government to announce in March 1935 a policy of rearmament which went slowly into effect in 1936. In June 1935 Stanley Baldwin replaced MacDonald as Prime Minister; in November he called a general election which returned his government and gave it a mandate for rearmament. Meanwhile Mussolini had decided to attack Abyssinia: economic sanctions imposed by the League of Nations failed to stop him and were withdrawn in June 1936. Three months earlier Hitler had sent German troops into the Rhineland; neither France nor Britain was prepared to act, the latter only offering France and Belgium a guarantee against future aggression. And in the summer of 1936 there came the Spanish civil war when the Spanish generals led by Francisco Franco rebelled against the elected republican government. Lionel accepted public opinion would not permit British action over the Rhineland. Although, as he told his sister on 9 April, he was ‘not averse to fighting them…there would be a moral disadvantage in fighting on an issue about which 50% of the population at home took the German view. But I would arm & refuse to negotiate.’ As he told his father two days earlier, there was no point in negotiating with a ‘blackguard’ whereas rearmament might mean that ‘if we call his bluff now we can avoid bloodshed which otherwise is inevitable if not in my time at any rate in Richard’s’. With respect to Spain he thought his father would feel as he did in August that ‘the government here [in Britain] has done well to keep us out of it. “A plague on both their houses” say I.…I can see no outcome which can be regarded as good.’ He was beginning to despair of the League of Nations: ‘I am as much a believer in the necessity of a super-national authority as ever. But I don't want to be dragged into these totally unsympathetic quarrels of the right & left in faction ridden Europe & I don't want a League which is a disguise for a Triple Entente & now that the attempt to save Abyssinia has broken down completely, I feel more & more that a greater detachment from Europe is the best we can hope for at the moment. Of course the situation might change any moment so as to offer more hope. But I am not optimistic.’
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,007 | 0,018 |
| Communication savante | 0,010 | 0,007 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,005 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,005 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,022 | 0,005 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».