A comparative study of responsible care and ISO 14001 as an effective environmental management system in the chemical and allied industry in South Africa.
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
With the ever increasing promulgation of environmental legislation in recent years in South Africa, enforcement of these laws is a threat to the chemical and allied industries. In order for these industries to secure operating licences and facilitate international trade, the need for environmental management systems has become imperative. South Africa, being behind the rest of the first world countries in adopting Environmental Management Systems(EMSs), had only recently in the 2000s started to realise the importance of the EMSs in ensuring environmental legal compliance and increasing trade across barriers. The chemical and allied industries chose to adopt Responsible Care and ISO 14001.2004 in South Africa. ISO 14001.2004 is an international standard and Responsible Care is a standard that was developed by the Canadian Chemical Producer‟s Association and is used in numerous countries around the world. This study was undertaken to determine whether implementing and running two EMSs in organisations is necessary and if both standards add value. The reason for the study is that both EMSs have similar requirements and the same objective in ensuring environmental legal compliance and reducing the environmental impacts of the industry. The study was conducted via a questionnaire which surveyed organisations that had implemented both EMSs. Various questions were asked on the benefits and challenges of the EMSs implemented and results were analysed via SPSS (Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences). Both EMSs had similar objectives in increasing legal compliance and ensuring that the environmental objectives of the organisation were met. From the results it could be concluded that ISO 14001 was a preferred standard in the South African chemical industry due to its recognisability, ease of implementation, ability to be exported and flexibility although it was an EMS that was more expensive to implement. Industries however, agreed that both systems did add value and the time, money and resources invested in having two EMSs were justified. This could be attributed to the fact that Responsible Care covered Product Stewardship, Community Interaction, Process Safety and Health and Safety. The recommendation is that the South African chemical industry could look at adopting an integrated Responsible Care 14001 which is an amalgamation of the two EMSs.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,003 | 0,011 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,004 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,004 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».