Use of blood parameters as biomarkers in brown bullheads (Ameiurus Nebulosus) from Lake Erie tributaries and Cape Cod ponds
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
In an attempt to describe the blood parameters of brown bullheads (Ameiurus nebulosus) and to evaluate the use of blood parameters as non-lethal biomarkers of contaminant exposure, brown bullheads were collected from five contaminated sites around Lake Erie, inc luding the Ottawa River (OTT), the Black River (BLA), the Cuyahoga River harbor (CRH), the Cuyahoga River upstream (CRU), and Presque Isle Bay (PIB).Fish were also collected from two relatively uncontaminated reference sites around Lake Erie, the Huron River (HUR) and Old Woman Creek (OWC).Brown bullheads were also sampled from Ashumet Pond (ASH), a contaminated site on Cape Cod, and Great Herring Pond (GHP), a less contaminated site near Cape Cod.Image analysis was used on fish blood smears to measure the major axis length, minor axis le ngth, area, and shape factor of erythrocytes and their nuclei.These data were used to determine the average numbers of mature, intermediate, and immature erythrocytes at each site.Blood smears were also used to qua ntify other types of erythrocytes (karyorrhetic, dividing, and enucleate) and leukocytes (neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes).To determine what effects, if any, that capture and handling stress had on fish blood variables, an experiment was conducted to mimic typical handling stress, and fish were bled serially.An ELISA iii was used to determine plasma cortisol levels, which were compared to other blood variables.Lastly, two genetic assays were used to assess genotoxic exposure.The comet assay and micronucleus assay were performed to compare fish from contaminated and uncontaminated sites.Additionally, the micronucleus assay provided another method to quantify the number of polychromatic (immature) erythrocytes in circulation.Fish from P IB had the lowest cellular area.Fish from OTT and OWC had higher cellular shape factors than fish from HUR, BLA, and PIB.Fish from CRH had lower nuclear area than fish from HUR, OWC, BLA, and PIB.Fish from OTT, OWC, CRH, and CRU had higher nuclear shape factors than fish from HUR, BLA, and PIB.The percentage of immature cells in fish from BLA was significantly lower than those from OTT, HUR, CRH, and PIB ; and the percentages of immature cells in fish from HUR and OWC were significantly lower than those from PIB.Although rare, dividing and enucleate erythrocytes were present in circulation.Concentrations of sediment PCBs were negatively associated with nuclear area.Concentrations of sediment heavy metals were positively associated with the proportion of immature erythrocytes and negatively associated with nuclear area.Nuclear shape factor was positively associated with concentrations of sediment DDTs and PAHs .Brown bullheads from BLA had significantly lower percent monocytes than iv fish from P IB and HUR.HUR fish had the highest percent monocytes, which was significantly different from all of the other sites.Percent lymphocytes in OWC fish was significantly higher than fish from PIB and OTT.Percent neutrophils was highest in PIB and BLA, which were significantly different from OWC and HUR.Sediment contaminants were not associated with percent monocytes, lymphocytes, or neutrophils.The stress experiment was plagued by a small sample size, and the cortisol ELISA produced several readings below the detection limit.The results were inconsistent and difficult to interpret.Fish from CRH had a significantly higher frequency of polychromatic (immature) erythrocytes fish from OWC.This study suggests that the acridine orange/PCE method of determining red cell maturity may be more suitable than the cell and nuclear morphology method.OWC fish erythrocytes had 0 micronuclei, while CRH had 0.43 .The comet assay showed significantly more genetic damage at CRH and ASH than their respective reference sites, OWC and GHP.This research suggests that erythrocyte nuclear morphology, percentage of immature erythrocytes in circulation, and the comet assay are suitable nonlethal biomarkers of contaminant exposure in brown bullheads.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,005 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».