Political and Social Sciences: Canada's Residential Schools: The Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Volumes 1-6, Plus Summary in French/Honorer la Verité, Reconcilier Pour L'avenir: Sommaire Du Rapport Final De la Commission De Verité et Reconciliation Du Canada/Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Volume 1: Summary, Honouring the Truth, Reconciling for the Future

Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Canada's Residential Schools: The Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Volumes 1-6, plus summary in French (Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press/Native and Northern Series, 2015).Volume 1: Canada's Residential Schools: The History, Part 1, Origins to 1939. 978 pp. Paper. £29.99. ISBN 978-0-7735-4650-9.Volume 1: Canada's Residential Schools: The History, Part 2, 1939-2000, 824 pp. Paper. £29.99. ISBN 978-0-7735-4652-3.Volume 2: Canada's Residential Schools: The Inuit and Northern Experience, 266 pp. Paper. £20.99. ISBN 978-0-7735-4654-7.Volume 3: Canada's Residential Schools: The Metis Experience. 88 pp. Paper. £14.99. ISBN 978-0-7735-4656-1.Volume 4: Canada's Residential Schools: Missing Children and Unmarked Burials. 272 pp. Paper. £20.99. ISBN 978-0-7735-4658-5.Volume 5: Canada's Residential Schools: The Legacy. 272 pp. Paper. £21.99. ISBN 978-0-7735-4660-8.Volume 6: Canada's Residential Schools: Reconciliation. 296 pp. Paper. £20.99. ISBN 978-0-7735-4622-2.Honorer la Verite, reconcilier pour l'avenir: Sommaire du Rapport final de la Commission de verite et reconciliation du Canada. 592 pp. £20.99. ISBN 978-0-7735-4670-7.Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Volume 1: Summary, Honouring the Truth, Reconciling for the Future (Toronto: James Lorimer & Company Limited, 2015), 536 pp. Paper. $22.95. ISBN 978-1-4594-1067.In his introduction to this long-awaited Report, Chair Justice Murray Sinclair describes the Indian Residential Schools system as 'one of the darkest, most troubling chapters in our nation's history', especially, he continues, because 'its target and its victims were the most vulnerable of our society: little children'. The most important finding of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) is that this programme amounted to cultural genocide. It was an attempt to wipe out the Indigenous way of life and culture in Canada and involved many broken lives and many deaths.In six volumes and 3053 pages, the report covers not only the history and activities of those running and controlling the residential schools (IRS) but also the history of the relations between Indigenous peoples and settlers since the time of first contact. It describes the TRC and its Report as the beginning, not the conclusion, of the reconciliation process and looks to the future with its 94 Calls to Action to the governments and churches who perpetrated this crime against humanity. The TRC calls on the federal government to implement the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples immediately, since, it declares, without radical action, the apologies to IRS survivors given in 2010 are worthless.The TRC was not a Royal Commission. It came into being as a provision in the IRS Settlement Agreement of 2005, which was a private agreement settling claims for all living survivors who had spent any time in these schools together with additional compensation for physical, mental and sexual abuse suffered. The government set aside $C1.9 billion to settle these claims. However, the terms of reference for the TRC reflected its status as part of a private settlement in that they had no powers to subpoena witnesses and were prohibited from naming the perpetrators or implying that they were involved in any criminal activity. Needless to say, this has led to criticisms that the Report does not go far enough, does not tell the full truth, and that it is a whitewash (see, for example, Kevin Annett, Murder by Decree: The Crime of Genocide in Canada, [Toronto and Brussels, ITDC, 2016]). And yet the main criticisms that it does not deal fully with the fate of murdered and disappeared children and that incriminating government documents were deliberately withheld by the Commission are fully met in the detail of the report. …

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