Impact of Slow and Fast Warm-Up Rates on Cement Sheath Integrity in SAGD Wells: Using Dynamic Flow Simulators for Early Time Analysis
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract The original viscosity of the oil in place is greater than 1,000,000 centipoises in most cases in Western Canada. As a result, steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is a widely used thermal recovery method to produce bitumen reserves for the last 10-15 years. SAGD involves drilling two horizontal wells (one on top of each other roughly 5 meters) apart and injecting steam from the top well (called "injector") to reduce the viscosity of oil in place by heating and produce the flowing oil from the bottom one (called "producer"). Initially, there is very little to no pressure communication between the injector and producer since the bitumen is in solid state. As a result, in order to initiate communication between the wells so steam injection can penetrate into the reservoir to heat the rock and the fluids, both wells were circulated with steam and this phase is called "circulation". During circulation, steam is injected to the wells through long tubing and returns are received back through short tubing. In addition to be quite critical to the overall production performance of the reservoir, circulation phase has a critical impact on the integrity of the well since during this phase the well was introduced to heating for the first time. Considering the fact that steam is being injected in a cold well, thermal loading impacts on casing and cement are expected to be the highest during earlier times of circulation. While injecting steam at higher rates as early as possible has operational benefits, effects of such practice on zonal isolation should be evaluated in detail. A well operated by Devon in Jackfish field was used for this purpose and a dynamic flow simulator was modelled to investigate the impact of slow (going from 1 ton/hr to 5 ton/hr in 5 days) versus fast warm-up during early stages of circulation phase on cement sheath. Field data captured by distributed temperature sensing system (DTS) was used to validate the model and comparison on cement heating rate at different depth intervals during slow and fast warm up cases were made to determine at what depths and durations the heating rates of cement are different between the two cases. The combination of the field results and simulation enabled to determine the critical time frame where different circulation strategies have the highest impact on cement heating rates. The simulation results also provided insight on transient temperature distribution across wellbore and near wellbore during early times of circulation.
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Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».