USE OF UNSAFE TEETHING REMEDIES IN A MID-SIZE CITY: A SURVEY
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract BACKGROUND Various remedies are available to parents for relieving teething symptoms in their infants and toddlers. Some remedies, such as amber necklaces, have no evidence of their efficacy, yet are being widely marketed and increasingly used across North America. On the contrary, teething necklaces are unsafe, corroborated by recent reports of suffocation accidents and death attributed to their use. There is no published literature on the prevalence of teething remedies and what may determine parents’ choices. OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to assess the prevalence of unsafe teething remedies, especially teething necklaces. The secondary objective was to determine any association between the use of unsafe teething remedies and (a) socioeconomic status (SES), and (b) maternal education. DESIGN/METHODS Children aged 12–18 months in a mid-sized Canadian city visiting their primary care providers for routine well-baby checks were included. Children aged <12 or >18 months and those with chronic medical conditions were excluded. Parents completed a survey about their child’s teething symptoms and the remedies used to relieve them. Unsafe remedies were based on recommendations published by the Canadian Paediatric Society and American Academy of Pediatrics. They included oral-numbing gels, necklaces (Amber and Hazelwood), and liquid-containing teething rings. RESULTS Out of 130 surveys, 123 were included for statistical analysis due to missing data. Mean (SD) infant age was 14.47 (2.56) months, and mean (SD) age at first tooth was 6.92 (2.00) months. Overall, 98% of families used teething remedies with 67% of them using unsafe remedies. Of these families, 27% used Amber and 5% used Hazelwood necklaces. 28% of families used more than one unsafe remedy. No significant correlations were found between unsafe remedy use and SES or maternal education. However, a significant negative correlation was noted between SES and use of oral-numbing gels (Spearman’s rho = -0.23, p=0.01). CONCLUSION This study showed that a majority of parents are using unsafe teething remedies for their infants including Amber teething necklaces, despite lack of evidence to support their efficacy and recommendations against their use. Use of unsafe teething remedies transcends SES and education level. With recent reports of child injury and death associated with their use, the findings of this survey support the need for a new approach to parental education about the safety of teething remedies.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,004 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».