Going for Gold: Explaining Motivations for Olympic Games Bidding
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
you are a host to present and a gateway to future, (1) International Olympic Committee President Jacques Rogge remarked in a speech given at opening ceremony of Games of XXIX Olympiad on August 8, 2008. A remarkable showcase condensing 5,000 years of Chinese history into a four-hour display marked end of an incredible process and start of Olympic competititon. These opening ceremonies and Games that followed drew attention of international community and provided China and Beijing with a unique and unsurpassed experience as center of world's focus. Newspapers reporting on festivities surrounding opening of Olympic Games identified event as an attempt by Beijing to bolster its position in international The Sydney Morning Herald reported: ... Bird's Nest national stadium was a kaleidoscope of color, a blitz of high-pace, high-tech action marking China's emergence as a member of community. (2) The Washington Post found ceremony exulted Beijing's newly recovered status as a power. (3) Canada's Clobe and Mail wrote, After decades of isolation, followed by years of uncertainty and timidity on stage, this was moment China had been waiting for, moment when eyes of world were turned upon Beijing, legitimizing its new power. (4) In a similar fashion, many reports called Games a moment of great national pride irrespective of international community's reaction. The New York Times reported the astonishing ceremonies of 2008 Olympic Games lavished grand tribute on Chinese civilization and sought to stir an ancient nation's pride, as well as an attempt for Communist party to inspire national pride within China and bolster its own legitimacy in process. (5) Across Beijing, public rejoiced. People painted red Chinese flags on their cheeks and shouted, 'Go China!' long after four-hour opening had concluded. (6) Were Games organizers interested in meaning Games would have for city in its relationships, or more focused on elevating China in a nationalist sense? This essay will attempt to explain why cities and countries seek opportunity that Olympic Games provide through two hypotheses. The first hypothesis suggests that Olympic bids are driven by a desire to improve city's standing in international community, using Games as a springboard to stage. This hypothesis maintains that city organizers are motivated to bid in order to become or remain a global The second hypothesis approaches bid motivations from perspective of host country, suggesting governments encourage Olympic bids through a host city with hopes of increasing nationalist sentiment within population. What was underlying motivation leading up to 2008 Summer Olympic Games' opening ceremony--a chance to elevate Beijing as a city worthy of international recognition, or a desire to increase feelings of nationalism within Chinese population? The ultimate aim of this essay is to uncover which of these deciding factors precipitated creation of Olympic bid, not only for Beijing, but for unsuccessful bids produced by other cities competing to host Games in 2008. The City and Mega-Event Mega-events are those events considered beyond scope of traditional events, defined by Roche as large-scale cultural (including commercial and sporting) events which have a dramatic character, mass popular appeal and international significance. (7) A high-profile event such as Olympics, widely considered to be most coveted of all mega-events, is believed to deliver promising returns to Games' hosts in form of international attention, sponsorship and Olympic-related revenue, and prestige for host city. The mega-event strategy, or pursuing major international events as a means of achieving policy goals, can be connected to a host's desire to increase tourism, revitalize its image, and engage in urban redevelopment. …
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Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,004 | 0,005 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
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