Bibliographic record
Abstract
you are a host to present and a gateway to future, (1) International Olympic Committee President Jacques Rogge remarked in a speech given at opening ceremony of Games of XXIX Olympiad on August 8, 2008. A remarkable showcase condensing 5,000 years of Chinese history into a four-hour display marked end of an incredible process and start of Olympic competititon. These opening ceremonies and Games that followed drew attention of international community and provided China and Beijing with a unique and unsurpassed experience as center of world's focus. Newspapers reporting on festivities surrounding opening of Olympic Games identified event as an attempt by Beijing to bolster its position in international The Sydney Morning Herald reported: ... Bird's Nest national stadium was a kaleidoscope of color, a blitz of high-pace, high-tech action marking China's emergence as a member of community. (2) The Washington Post found ceremony exulted Beijing's newly recovered status as a power. (3) Canada's Clobe and Mail wrote, After decades of isolation, followed by years of uncertainty and timidity on stage, this was moment China had been waiting for, moment when eyes of world were turned upon Beijing, legitimizing its new power. (4) In a similar fashion, many reports called Games a moment of great national pride irrespective of international community's reaction. The New York Times reported the astonishing ceremonies of 2008 Olympic Games lavished grand tribute on Chinese civilization and sought to stir an ancient nation's pride, as well as an attempt for Communist party to inspire national pride within China and bolster its own legitimacy in process. (5) Across Beijing, public rejoiced. People painted red Chinese flags on their cheeks and shouted, 'Go China!' long after four-hour opening had concluded. (6) Were Games organizers interested in meaning Games would have for city in its relationships, or more focused on elevating China in a nationalist sense? This essay will attempt to explain why cities and countries seek opportunity that Olympic Games provide through two hypotheses. The first hypothesis suggests that Olympic bids are driven by a desire to improve city's standing in international community, using Games as a springboard to stage. This hypothesis maintains that city organizers are motivated to bid in order to become or remain a global The second hypothesis approaches bid motivations from perspective of host country, suggesting governments encourage Olympic bids through a host city with hopes of increasing nationalist sentiment within population. What was underlying motivation leading up to 2008 Summer Olympic Games' opening ceremony--a chance to elevate Beijing as a city worthy of international recognition, or a desire to increase feelings of nationalism within Chinese population? The ultimate aim of this essay is to uncover which of these deciding factors precipitated creation of Olympic bid, not only for Beijing, but for unsuccessful bids produced by other cities competing to host Games in 2008. The City and Mega-Event Mega-events are those events considered beyond scope of traditional events, defined by Roche as large-scale cultural (including commercial and sporting) events which have a dramatic character, mass popular appeal and international significance. (7) A high-profile event such as Olympics, widely considered to be most coveted of all mega-events, is believed to deliver promising returns to Games' hosts in form of international attention, sponsorship and Olympic-related revenue, and prestige for host city. The mega-event strategy, or pursuing major international events as a means of achieving policy goals, can be connected to a host's desire to increase tourism, revitalize its image, and engage in urban redevelopment. …
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".