Albert Bandura: Observational learning in coaching
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Albert Bandura was born on 4 December 1925 in Mundare, Alberta, Canada. His primary and secondary education took place at the one and only school in Mundare, and as a result of this meagre academic environment he soon discovered that learning is largely a social and self-directed endeavour. Following secondary school, he attended the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, where he initially studied psychology as a ‘filler course’, but later became enamoured with the subject. Bandura received his B.A. in psychology in 1949, excelling in the subject and winning the Bolocan Award in the process. Following his undergraduate degree, he moved to the United States for his graduate studies at the University of Iowa, where, he received his M.A. in 1951 and his Ph.D. in clinical psychology in 1952. Following a postdoctoral internship at the Wichita Guidance Center, he began his teaching career in the Department of Psychology at Stanford University in 1953 (Bandura 2014), where he remains to this day in his current position as the David Starr Jordan Professor Emeritus of Social Science in Psychology. Bandura is one of the most well-known and widely cited scholars in bothpsychology and education (Gordon et al. 1984). He was elected president of the American Psychological Society (APA) in 1974, and in 1998, was honoured with the E. L. Thorndike Award of the APA for his research influence on educational psychology, research that has contributed significantly to knowledge, theory and practice in the field. In 2006, he was honoured by the APA with a Gold Medal Award for Distinguished Lifetime Contribution to Psychological Science. Bandura is widely published and highly recognized for his work in social learningtheory, social cognitive theory and self-efficacy. Although it is difficult to pinpoint a single accomplishment that stands above all others, his 1961 Bobo doll experiment certainly ranks near the top of the list. At that time behaviourist theories oflearning were prominent, resulting in the belief that learning was a result of reinforcement. In the Bobo doll experiment Bandura presented children with social models of violent behaviour or non-violent behaviour towards an inflatable Bobo doll. The children who viewed the violent behaviour were in turn violent towards the doll; the control group was rarely violent towards the doll. This experiment demonstrated that observation and social modelling is a very effective way of learning, and moved psychological thinking away from previously limited conceptions in which learning required overt actions.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,004 | 0,015 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,003 | 0,007 |
| Communication savante | 0,006 | 0,006 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,004 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,003 | 0,006 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,022 | 0,006 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».