Hydrogeology of the deep flow system within Quaternary sediments, south-central Ontario
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Aquifers utilized for private and municipal water supply within south-central Ontario occur within Early to Middle Wisconsinan sediments, specifically the Thorncliffe and Scarborough Formations. These formations, including the Sunnybrook Drift, are often and herein referred to as Lower sediments. These deep sediments are replenished by vertical groundwater flow through overlying aquitards including the Newmarket Till and/or silt-clay rhythmites of the late Thorncliffe Formation. Also, channelization episodes characterized by fining-upward sequences have locally breached the Newmarket Till sediment. Recent work, including detailed geologic and hydrogeologic analysis of cored sediment locations, and isotopic analysis of porewater and groundwater, has led to a refinement of the conceptual hydrogeological model of the Lower sediment package. Based on high-quality seismic, geologic and hydrogeologic data, a revised conceptual model of the 'Yonge Street Aquifer' (YSA) has been postulated. The YSA in the Greater Toronto Area has been utilized since the mid-1900s. The current municipal water supply system consists of nine wellfields installed between 1957 and 1991. Data reveal two generations of roughly north-south channels: older pre-Newmarket Till channels within Lower sediments (termed Thorncliffe channel) and younger post-Newmarket Till ORM-related channels (termed ORM channel) that incise both Newmarket Till and Lower sediments. The YSA is interpreted to occur within a Thorncliffe channel, with possible vertical connection to younger ORM channels and lateral connection to inter-channel Lower sediments. These channel deposits consist of fining upward transitions from coarse gravel, to sand, to rhythmically bedded silt and clay interpreted to be deposited within a channel-esker-subaqueous fan complex. The Thorncliffe Formation contains a wide range of facies assemblages characterized by contrasting permeabilities. The deposits with highest permeability occur within up to 80 m thick gravel and sand sequences at the base of the Thorncliffe channel. The response of piezometric levels to hydraulic stress confirms longitudinal connection along the channel with muted lateral hydraulic response in sediments outside channels. The YSA is considered a semiconfined (leaky) strip aquifer with observed transmissivities between 1000 to 4500 m2/d, in contrast to regional aquifer transmissivities that are generally less than 500 m2/d. Thorncliffe channels are interpreted to be up to 20 km long and approximately 2 km wide. This presentation discusses the development and current state of the hydrogeological conceptual model related to Lower sediments within the study area, and how it can assist in future endeavours. It is anticipated that this refined conceptual model can inform groundwater exploration and development for aquifers to be utilized for water supply or geothermal energy. Also discussed will be efforts to disseminate hydrogeologic knowledge in a format useful to public works, planning and scientific practitioners (e.g. 'groundwater problem area' mapping). A key process in the evolution of the conceptual model is that it is continuously subject to refinement as new data and information becomes available.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».