HBV and HDV Seroprevalence among Healthy People Admitted for Hepatitis B Vaccination
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Background: An estimated 350 million persons worldwide are chronically infected with Hepatitis B virus (HBV). These are at increased risk of developing liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B and co- existing Hepatitis D and to investigate the pattern of lab parameters among patients positive for hepatitis B and/or D. Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional prospective study conducted from 2009 to 2014 in Lyari General Hospital Karachi Pakistan. A total of 10270 patients were registered in the liver clinic from June 2009 to December 2014 for hepatitis B vaccination. All patients who had visited the Liver clinic of Lyari General Hospital for hepatitis B vaccination were first screened for hepatitis B, and D viruses by HBsAg, and Anti HDV antibodies and anti HCV by ELISA method. Patients who had HBsAg negative were then vaccinated. If HBsAg was found to be positive the patients have been underwent through further tests for the confirmation of hepatitis B and D (Hepatitis B Virus DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR), hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis Be antibody (HBeAb), and if anti HDV positive then HDV RNA PCR was performed). Patients found to have a positive HBVDNA PCR with positive or negative HBeAg were treated. Patients with positive HBeAb were seroconverted. Patients with a positive anti HDV antibody underwent an HDVRNA PCR and if positive were treated. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0). Results: A total of 10270 patients were registered in the liver clinic. Overall 206 (2%) were found to be HBV positive, in which 26.2% had Hepatitis D co-infection. More than half (57.3%) were male and 70.4% were married with the mean age of 33.2 ± 10.9 years. About one-fourth of the total were HbeAg positive (25.2%) and hepatitis D antibody positive (26.2%), while 21% had HDV PCR positive and 6.3% had hepatitis C antibody positive. The mean hemoglobin was 12.2, white cell count 6052.3, viral load of HBV DNA was 44100856.97, SGPT was 63.47, albumin was 4.24 and mean INR was 1.09. Conclusion: Prevalence of Hepatitis B infection was 2% and Hepatitis D infection was present in 26.2% of hepatitis B infected patients. Giriş: Dünya genelinde 350 milyon kişinin Hepatit B virüsü (HBV) ile kronik olarak enfekte olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Bu kişier karaciğer sirozo ve hepatoselüler karsinom gelişimi riski altındadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Hepatit B ve ko-enfeksiyon olarak Hepatit D virusunun prevelansını saptamak ve Hepatit B ve/ya Hepatit D pozitif hastalar arasında laboratuvar parametrelerinin örüntülerini inceleyebilmektir. Yöntem: Bu gözlemsel tanımlayıcı-kesitsel prospektif çalışma, 2009-2014 yılları arasında Lyari Genel Hastanesi, Karaçi, Pakistan’da yapıldı. Haziran 2009’dan Aralık 2014’e kadar toplam 10270 hasta karaciğer polikliniği’ne hepatit B aşılaması için kaydolmuştur. Lyari Genel Hastanesi’nde Karaciğer kliniğine hepatit B aşılaması için başvuran hastaların hepsi ilk gelişlerinde ELISA yöntemiyle hepatit B ve D virusleri için HBsAg, Anti HDV antikorları ve anti HCV için tarandılar. HBsAg negatif olan hastalar aşılandı. Eğer HBsAg pozitif bulgulandıysa hastalara hepatit B ve D doğrulaması için ileri testler yapıldı ( Hepatit B virus DNA polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR), hepatit B e-antijeni (HbeAb) ve eğer anti HDV pozitif ise HDV RNA PCR uygulandı). Pozitif HBVDNA PCR sonucu ile pozitif ya da negatif HbeAg sonucu olan hastalar tedavi edildi. İstatiksel yöntem olarak SPSS kullanıldı (IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0). Bulgular: Karaciğr kliniğine toplamda 10270 hasta kaydoldu. Bunlardan 206’sı (%2) HBV pozitif olarak bulgulandı ki %26.2’de Hepatit D ko-enfeksiyonu vardı. Yarısından fazlası (%57.3) erkekti ve %70.4’ü evliydi, yaş ortlaması ise 33.2 ± 10.9 yıldı. Bütünün dörte birinde HBsAg pozitif (%25.2) ve hepatit D antikoru pozitif (%26.2) iken %21 HDV pozitif ve %6.3 hepatit C antikoru pozitifti. Ortalama hemoglobin değeri 12.2, beyaz küre sayısı 6052.3, HBV DNA’nın viral yükü 44100856.97, SGPT 63.47, albumin 4.24 ve ortalama INR 1.09 idi. Sonuç: Hepatit B enfeksiyonu prevelansı %2’dir ve Hepatit D ise hepatit B ile enfekte hastaların %26.2’sinde bulunmaktadır.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».