Notice bibliographique
Résumé
During the 1870s, Dostoevsky was involved in two major journalistic ventures. In late 1872, he became editor of Prince Vladimir Meshchersky's conservative weekly, Grazhdanin ( The Citizen ). From January 1, 1873, to April 22, 1874, he edited sixty-five issues and wrote two regular columns called “Diary of a Writer” and “Foreign Affairs.” Two years later he founded his own monthly periodical, also called Dnevnik pisatelya ( Diary of a Writer ). This monojournal, for which he served as publisher, editor, and sole contributor, ran for twenty-two issues from 1876 to 1877, was resurrected for a single issue in 1880, and came out once again the month before his death in 1881. Because it engaged with the burning issues of the day and expressed patriotic zeal as the Russo-Turkish war began in 1877, it attracted large numbers of subscribers. Moreover, because The Citizen and Diary of a Writer served as creative laboratories within which Dostoevsky formulated his varied literary responses to the challenges of modernization, both journals provide unique insights into the social, ideological, and aesthetic preoccupations that shaped the novels of his last decade. After returning from Siberian exile in 1859, Dostoevsky founded and edited the journals Vremya ( Time , 1861–3) and Epokha ( Epoch , 1864–5) together with his brother Mikhail. Although he did not edit a journal between 1865 and 1873, Dostoevsky wrote novels to be published serially in thick journals*. Like his fellow heavyweight novelists, Dostoevsky was normally granted a generous amount of space (serialized installments could range in length from thirty pages to one or two hundred) and most of his novels up to The Brothers Karamazov (1879–80) were serialized within the twelve annual issues of the host journal. When Dostoevsky returned to editorial duties in 1873, the journalistic scene had changed dramatically. The intelligentsia 's* optimism in the early 1860s about the Great Reforms, which included the emancipation of the serfs (1861), the judicial reform (1864), the introduction of local self-government or zemstvo * (1864), and a relaxation of censorship regulations (1865), had given way to bitter disillusionment which was reflected on the pages of journals and newspapers on both left and right. Discontent with the impact of the Great Reforms was evident at all levels of society, and in 1871, sparked by the ten-year anniversary of the emancipation, the Russian press, benefiting from the relaxation of censorship, reflected this discontent.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,003 | 0,005 |
| Communication savante | 0,006 | 0,003 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,004 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».