Technology Focus: Offshore Drilling and Completion (April 2008)
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Technology Focus I do not yet consider myself an old-timer. However, I remember when I started studying petroleum engineering; our teacher was telling us that drilling was a technology that had not progressed in years, not since its last revolution—the introduction of rotary drilling. The word "revolution" here definitely seems the right one. Since those days, we have seen the introduction of new technologies, such as measurement while drilling, steerable systems, top drives, more-reliable dynamic-positioning systems, dual handling, smart completions, new equipment, new chemicals, new metallurgy, and an exhaustive list of others. These advances enabled success of wells that were increasingly difficult, and we now are drilling horizontally (again, I remember: "It is impossible to drill horizontally, because it is impossible to transmit weight on bit horizontally") and underbalanced, we are drilling high-pressure/high-temperature (and soon very-high-pressure/very-high-temperature) reservoirs and in deep and ultradeep waters, and we are drilling slim or ultraslim wellbores, multilateral and extended-reach wellbores, and combinations of these. Future wellbores will be even more exotic. We complete wells with smart technology or sophisticated multilateral connections, produce gas from tight or ultratight sands, and heat silts in-situ to produce heavy bitumen. Simultaneously, we are making tremendous progress to protect people from incidents and diseases and our environment from unbearable or irreversible damages, especially when using nonaqueous-based mud. Again, this list of recent advances is not complete, but it gives the strong feeling that all of us are engineers dealing with a moving and expanding technology. Actually, it gives me the strong belief that we will overcome new challenges and that, peak oil or not (whenever it may happen), there still is a lot to engineer, a lot to invent, and a lot to progress to move the limits of feasibility in drilling and well engineering further and further. Offshore Drilling and Completion additional reading available at the SPE eLibrary: www.spe.org SPE 105212 • "Deployment of a Riserless Mud-Recovery System Offshore Sakhalin Island" by J.D. Brown, CJSC Elvary Neftegaz, et al. SPE 110359 • "Subsea Slimhole Completions in Deepwater Gulf of Mexico: Case Histories" by J.R. Sanford, Eni Petroleum, et al. Additional reading available at the OTC Library: www.otcnet.org OTC 19077 • "First Jackup Drilling Operation on Grand Banks of Newfoundland—Lessons Learned" by G.C. Bagnell, Rowan Companies OTC 18496 • "2-Million-lbm Slip-Based Landing-String System Pushes the Limit of Deepwater Casing Running" by James N. Brock, Grant Prideco, et al.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».