International vision and renewal standard for driver's licensure: A proposal
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Purpose of the research:\nGlobalization is the natural result of the increasingly common phenomenon of international business and travel. As we globalize and people cross borders more easily, standards of one country may not match those of another country. For instance, to get an international driver's license, one only needs to apply for it at their local responsible department. The international license is issued based upon the standards and rules applying to driver's licensure of that country. Standards can and do vary widely from country to country.\nSpecifically, there is no international vision and renewal standard. Different countries have widely differing requirements. Sometimes these vary between states or provinces within a country.\nThe purpose of this research is to compare different vision and renewal requirements a person needs to get a driver's license in various countries (USA, Canada, European Union, Australia, New Zealand, Norway, and Switzerland). Furthermore, this paper will propose an international vision and renewal standard for driver's licensure.\nMethods:\nA questionnaire was designed to collect the information needed about vision and renewal requirements for a driver's license in each country. To get this information, it was necessary to contact different departments via e-mail. The official e-mail addresses for the correct departments were found by searching Google.com and/or a search engine for each country.\nResults:\nSurprisingly, results were quite different between different states within a country. To get a better overview, it was necessary to define one standard for each country. Only then was it possible to make a comparison between countries and suggest an international vision and renewal regulation for driver's licensure.\nThe fields that were researched for each state and country were:\n- Visual acuity for each / both eyes with or without correction- Visual acuity if one eye is blind ad the requirement for the other eye with or without correction- The absolute minimum of visual acuity needed to get a driver's license- What horizontal visual field is required, if any- If color vision is tested- If bioptic / telescopic lenses are allowed- If there is a possibility of a restricted license, such as only day-time driving, speed limitation, etc.- How often a driver is required to renew the license- If and when the applicant must have a vision screening- If the driver can renew the license by mail in or only in person\nConclusion:\nThe most common requirements of the countries that were researched were:\n- Visual acuity of 20 / 40 or better for an unrestricted license- Visual acuity of 20 / 40 with or without correction if one eye is blind- Absolute minimum visual acuity 20 / 40 or better for a restricted license- Horizontal visual field of 140o for both eyes- Color vision is not tested- Bioptic / telescopic lenses are not allowed- Driving restrictions are allowed (e.g.: only day time driving, driving below a certain speed, driving with extra outside mirrors, etc.)- Renewal interval of: 5 years (standard); 80 years+ every 2 years- Vision screening only for every new driver- Renewal format in person
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».