MULTI-ELEMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CROATIAN BOTTLED WATERS BY ICP-AES
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Water is an essential substance for all living organism and it is a source of various nutritive substances. Natural water, i.e. water that is free of the products of human activities, generally reflects the geochemistry of the environment through which it flows [1]. At the same time, water is at risk of pollution due to various human activities, such as industry or traffic. Awareness of the endangering of natural water resources as well as knowledge about leaching of some heavy metals from plumbing system (e.g. Cu, Ni, Pb) [2], resulted, among others, in the interest of people all around the world in everyday use of bottled, commercially distributed, water. Along with the production and consumption of bottled water, that are permanently increasing, an interest of the researchers in testing of the commercially distributed bottled waters has been occurring worldwide during the past several years and a survey of scientific database Web of Science reveals that scientific papers dealing with the results of various testings of bottled waters are regularly published. Bottled water can be of natural origin, or its qualitative and quantitative composition can be regulated by processing in a production plant. Therefore, metals and metalloids content of a bottled drinking water can reflect geochemistry of its origin, but can also, intentionally or unintentionally, introduced during the production process, filling of bottles, etc. Also, some elements can be leached from the material of a bottle. Thus it is well known that aluminium (Al) or lead (Pb) can be leached from glass bottle into water [3], while from PET bottles the leaching of antimony (Sb) occurs [4]. In this work, determination of ca. 20 selected chemical elements (Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sr, Ti, Tl, V, Zn) in the bottled waters of different brands was performed. For this communication, only those bottled waters which are labeled as “product of Croatia” were analyzed: 19 brands of still and sparkling water were included in the study. The samples were randomly taken from various supermarkets in the town of Zagreb, with the intention to find as much as possible various Croatian brands of bottled drinking water. Determination of almost all elements was done by direct measurement of the previously acidified (HNO 3 , supra pur , ψ = 1 %) samples of the waters by mean of atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-AES), while calcium was measured in 100-fold diluted sample solutions. [1] Sullivan, P.J.; Agardy, F.A; Clark, J.J.J. The Environmental Science of Drinking Water, 1st edition; Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann: Burlington, USA, 2005. [2] Zietz, B.P.; Richter, K.; Las, J.; Suchenwirth, R.; Huppmann, R. Release of Metals from Different Sections of Domestic Drinking Water Installations. Water Qual. Expo. Health 2015 , 7 , 193-204. [3] Shotyk, W.; Krachler, M. Lead in Bottled Waters: Contamination from Glass and Comparison with Pristine Groundwater. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007 , 41 , 3508-3513. [4] Shotyk, W.; Krachler, M.; Chen, B. Contamination of Canadian and European bottled waters with antimony from PET containers. J. Environ. Monit. 2006, 8 , 288-292.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».