Simultaneous and sequential bilinguals: Cross domain benefits as measured by behaviour and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The aim of the present investigation is to explore differences in the bilingual language learning experience based on age of second language acquisition, which fundamentally shapes the way language is represented in the brain and the abilities of the speaker. The question asked here is whether there is a "simultaneous bilingual advantage" when learning a new foreign language due to the attainment of two languages within a highly sensitive period in brain development, and whether there is transfer of any advantage to the music domain. Two groups of bilinguals were compared: 10 simultaneous bilinguals, who learnt both English and French from birth, and 11 sequential bilinguals, who learnt French from birth and English after the age of 7 years. All were highly proficient in both English and French, had no experience in a third language, nor exposure to the languages used in the experiment, and participants had no musical training. Participants were tested on new foreign speech perception and production tasks in Hindi and Farsi and were tested on comparable music perception and production tasks. They also completed a resting-state functional magnetic imaging scan to investigate intrinsic functional brain connectivity networks. Whereas the simultaneous bilinguals significantly outperformed their late-trained counterparts on the foreign speech perception task, the discrimination of the Hindi dental retroflex contrast, the two groups did not differ on the foreign speech production tasks (Hindi and Farsi), or music production tasks, and the sequential bilinguals performed significantly better on a music perception task. The results suggest that the advantage observed behaviorally in the simultaneous compared to the sequential bilinguals is confined to speech perception, and that simultaneous and sequential bilingualism might have different effects on auditory perception abilities as a result of different language acquisition circumstances. In addition, using the behavioural score on the Hindi discrimination task, simultaneous bilinguals who showed better performance on the task also displayed greater brain functional connectivity between the left temporoparietal junction and the right planum temporale, and between right Heschl's gyrus and the left supramarginal gyrus. Both the behavioural and imaging results suggest that linguistic experiences during the first year of life, when brain circuitry is undergoing crucial development, impact language perceptual learning abilities and brain functional organization. Simultaneous acquisition of two languages appears to confer an advantage later in life for perceiving the sounds of a new foreign language. In the larger context, this study adds to the body of knowledge about second language acquisition, its impact on behaviour and the brain, and the findings could have implications for language education.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».