Parenting Stress in Families of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Roles of the Extended Family
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
OBJECTIVE: This study focused on the role of extended family in mitigating the stress experienced by parents of children with autism and the possible challenges of involving them, especially in modern Nigerian society. The study identified the sources of stress for parents of children with autism, and considered location and family size factors in stress experienced by parents, the role of the extended family in mitigating the stress and the challenges that may inhibit the involvement of the extended family. METHOD: The study adopted a descriptive survey research design and was carried out in South East, Nigeria. All parents and guardians of children with autism in the three special needs schools that cater for children with autism in the two selected states were used for the study. Data was collected using a self-report questionnaire with 36 items to elicit information on the sources of stress for parents and the role of the extended family in mitigating the stress. A semi-structured 26 items interview schedule adapted from Smithfield’s (2011) parents of children with autism questions covering the child's behaviour, parent's feelings, and role of the extended family was also used to generate firsthand information on the issues raised and to complement data collected through the self-report questionnaire. There was a researcher observation guide for monitoring progress in the study. Mean and standard deviation was used to answer the research questions while regression analysis, t-test and Analysis of variance were used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. RESULTS: The findings revealed that parents of children with autism experience stress that is hinged basically on the behaviour of the children. Family size does not influence parents’ stress experience but location does. Some parents receive child care and/or financial help sometimes from extended family members. CONCLUSION: Parents of children with autism face a lot of stress that is hinged basically on the behaviour of the children. Some of the rural parents, however, have the opportunity of getting help sometimes from extended family members since special need schools are not located in their area or even nearby. The extended family relations sometimes offer financial help but from all indications, the modern urbanization has really eroded their help. Family size does not influence parents’ stress experience and role of extended family but location does.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».